anxiety

Question 1

what are the classifications of anxiety

Answer 1

icd- 10
- separate phobia from anxiety disorders
- ocd classified separately

dsm - iv
- mixed anxiety depression disorder not classified separately
- ocd classified separately

Question 2

what are the symptoms of anxiety

Answer 2

psychological
- poor concerntration
- fear
- anticipation
- irritability
- restlessness

respiratory
- difficulty breathing
- faitness
- tightness in the chest

physical
- throbbing neck
- nausea
- sweating
- poor appetite
- trembling
- epigastric pain

musculoskeletal
- back ache
- headache
- neck ache

Question 3

different types of anxiety

Answer 3

generalised anxiety disorder
- excess and uncontrollable worries
- motor tension, restlessness, irritability
- somatic symptoms

post traumatic stress disorder
- exposure to traumatic events
- emotional numbness or detachment
- intrusive flashbacks or vivid dreams
- disability fear of exposure causing avoidance of perceived similar events

obsessive compulsive disorder
- obsessional thinking
- compulsive behaviour

social anxiety disorder
- extreme fear of social situations
- fear of humiliation
- avoidant behaviour
- anxious anticipation

panic disorder
- sudden unpredictable episodes of severe anxiety usually 30 to 45 mins
- shortness of breath and other symptoms
- fear of suffocation
- urgent desire to flee

Question 4

what are the different types of drug treatment for anxiety

Answer 4

fast onset
- effects noticed within hours or days
- acts on amino acid systems (excitatory or inhibitory)
- higher liability for tolerance

delayed on set
- effects noticed within several weeks
- act on modulators central pathways (NE, 5HT)
- lower liability for tolerance withdrawal

both types
- side effects are broadly for all agents; main points of differentiation may be the speed of onset
types of side effects
- pharmacodynamics interactions
metabollic interactions

Question 5

the role of gaba

Answer 5

this is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

gaba receptors of GABAa type involved in the mechanism of action anxiolytic drugs
GABAa belongs to a super to its of ligand gated ion channels
these channels consist of several sub units which form the gaba/cl- channel complex

they also have benzodiazepines receptor sites and barbituant receptor sites

GABA released from the nerve terminals in the presynaptic membrane
binds too gaba receptors a on the post synaptic neurone
this increases the cl- conduction
benzodiazepines occupy the benzodiazepine sites and also enhance

Question 6

QQ