antrho important people (chapter 1)

Question 1

Dian Fossey

Answer 1

Dian Fossey - Primatologist who went to Rwanda to observe gorillas.

Question 2

Birute Galdikas

Answer 2

Birute Galdikas - Primatologist who went to Borneo to observe orangutans, spent over 40 years studying them.

Question 3

Jane Goodall

Answer 3

Jane Goodall - Primatologist who went to Tanzania to observe chimpanzees.

Question 4

Sue Savage-Rumbaugh

Answer 4

Sue Savage-Rumbaugh - Long term study of bonobo communication, taught primates to communicate using 348 graphic symbols

Question 5

Raymond Dart

Answer 5

Raymond Dart - Anatomist that was given a skull in South Africa, named it Australopithecus africanus and was the first person to provide evidence of the African origin of humanity.

Question 6

Donald Johanson

Answer 6

Donald Johanson - Paleoanthropologist who found a 40% complete skeleton in Ethiopia and named it Lucy. Lucy was a hominin that walked the earth 3.2 million years ago.

Question 7

Louis Leakey

Answer 7

Louis Leakey - Found further proof of an african origin by finding a skull with his wife and using radiometric dating to determine the skull to be 1.75 years old.

Question 8

Mary Leakey

Answer 8

Mary Leakey - Named the skull fossil “Dear Boy” she found with her husband in Kenya.

Question 9

Richard Leakey

Answer 9

Richard Leakey - Found a nearly complete Homo erectus skeleton at Lake Turkana and proved alongside his parents, humanity’s african origin.

Question 10

Charles Darwin

Answer 10

Charles Darwin - Established the concept of natural selection which explains how animals/plants evolved. Trip on the HMS Beagle lead him to such conclusions after viewing the finches from the Galapagos Islands.

Question 11

Ruth Benedict

Answer 11

Ruth Benedict - An anthropologist who researched Japan during WW2 for the US government without going to Japan. Instead, she used all of the cultural material she could, such as interviewing Japanese immigrants.

Question 12

Franz Boas

Answer 12

Franz Boas - A pioneer of modern anthropology who promoted the idea of cultural relativism, which states that one cannot compare two cultures since each has its own set of internal rules to be accepted.

Question 13

Napoleon Chagnon

Answer 13

Napoleon Chagnon - Anthropologist who was criticized for his dealings with the Yanomamo people by giving them weapons and medecin.

Question 14

Marvin Harris

Answer 14

Marvin Harris - Pioneered Cultural Materialism, which is a theory that materials/conditions within an environment influence how that culture develops by creating ideas and ideology.

Question 15

Diamond Jenness

Answer 15

Diamond Jenness - Studied the oral history of the nomadic Innuinait (Copper Inuit) in the Canadian Arctic. He felt it was important to document the way of life that he called “disappearing cultures”.

Question 16

Richard Lee

Answer 16

Richard Lee - One of Canada’s most distinguished ethnographers who lived and worked with the zhut-wasi group in South Africa. (Tongue clicking language)

Question 17

Bronislaw Malinowski

Answer 17

Bronisław Malinowski - Felt that societies could be objectively measured and compared.He developed Functional theory which is the idea that every belief, action, etc in a culture reflects their needs.

Question 18

Margaret Mead

Answer 18

Margaret Mead - One of anthropology’s most influential and controversial figures, best known for her study of Samoan adolescent girls, in which she studied whether stress during adolescence was caused by society or adolescence itself.

Question 19

Noam Chomsky

Answer 19

Noam Chomsky - The “Father of Modern Structural Linguistics”. He developed the theory of universal grammar, which is that all human children are born with rules for grammar and apply them to their mother tongue.

Question 20

Edward Sapir

Answer 20

Edward Sapir - Studied the aboriginals of canada and recorded their languages. Much of his work is used for aboriginal cultural revival and survival.