Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology - Final Exam > Antivirals, Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants > Flashcards

Antivirals, Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the initial preferred treatment of HIV?

A
  • tenofovir/emtricitabine

- ADD efavirenz, atazanavir/ritonavir, raltegravir, darunavir/ritonavir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an adverse effect of tenofovir?

A
  • renal insufficiency

check serum creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is tenofovir’s place in therapy?

A
  • 1/2 of the backbone of preferred HIV tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Besides direct HIV tx, when can tenofovir be used?

A
  • used with emtricitabine for pre- + pos-exposure prophylaxis
    (i. e. needle stick & sexual assault)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ADEs of emtricitabine?

A
  • hyperpigmentation of the palms (mimics 2ndary syphillis)

- skin discoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the ADEs of zidovudine?

A
  • bone marrow suppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a special consideration for lamivudine?

A
  • lower dose for HBV (Hep B) tx, Epivir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the combination HIV products?

A
  • emtricitabine + tenofvir (Truvada)
  • e + t + efavirenz (Atripla)
  • e + t + elvitegravir + cobicistat (Stribild)
  • abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir (Trimumeq)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are the combination HIV products dosed?

A
  • 1 tablet PO BID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is unique about efaviranz’s dosing?

A
  • HS (take @ bedtime) on an empty stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ADEs of efaviranz?

A
  • CNS effects which subside after 2-4w
  • rash
  • elevated LFTs
  • teratogenic
  • false (+) cannabinoid test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What viral load is rilpivirine used for?

A
  • NOT high loads (>100,000)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is rilpivirine’s DI?

A
  • avoid use with PPI (proton pump inhibitor); needs acidic enviornment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ADEs of nevirapine?

A
  • hepatitis, including fatal hepatic necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is ritonavir dosed?

A
  • booster

- NEVER ALONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What special considerations must be known with atazanavir?

A
  • separate dosing from antacids/H2 blockers/PPIs

take 12 hrs AFTER omeprazole 20mg qd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the ADEs of atazanavir?

A
  • indirect hyperbilirubinemia

- lack of effect on lipids (good! does not cause hyperlipidemia! woohoo!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the special considerations of darunavir?

A
  • caution in sulfa-allergic patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the ADEs of darunavir?

A
  • rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the preferred PI?

A
  • darunavir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the special considerations of lopinavir/ritonavir?

A

(Kaletra)

- drug of choice in pregnancy

22
Q

What is the ADE of reltegravir?

A
  • increased CK (creatine kinase)
23
Q

What are the special considerations for dolutegravir?

A
  • increased CK
24
Q

When must antivirals for HSV and VZV be initiated?

A
  • w/in 48-72h of rash onset
25
Q

What does acyclovir tx?

A
  • HSV1
  • HSV2
  • VZV
26
Q

What are the special considerations of acyclovir?

A
  • topical therapy limited to oral labial herpes, NOT GENITAL
  • IV therapy for disseminated zoster
  • manage patient expectations that there is no cure
27
Q

What is valacyclovir’s MOA?

A
  • prodrug of acyclovir
28
Q

T/F: HSV and VZV treatments are virucidal.

A
  • false, virustatic
29
Q

T/F CMV treatments are virustatic.

A
  • true
30
Q

What are the treatments for CMV?

A
  • ganciclovir
  • valganciclovir
  • foscarnet
  • cidofovir
31
Q

What is the ADE of ganciclovir?

A
  • black box warning: bone marrow toxicity
32
Q

What are the special considerations of ganciclovir?

A
  • causes nephrotoxicity so hydrate aggressively
  • monitor renal fxn, adjust accordingly
  • avoid direct contact with skin
33
Q

What is the drug of choice for tx and prevention of CMV retinitis?

A
  • valganciclovir
34
Q

How is valganciclovir delivered?

A
  • PO
35
Q

T/F: Valacyclovir treats CMV.

A
  • False, valganciclovir

BE AWARE OF LOOK-ALIKE/SOUND-ALIKE NAMES

36
Q

What are the ADE of foscarnet?

A
  • HIGHLY NEPHROTOXIC!!
37
Q

What are the PO antivirals for HBV?

A
  • adefovir
  • *lamivudine (also for HIV)
  • *entecavir
  • telbivudine
  • tenofovir (also for HIV)
38
Q

What is the subQ antiviral for HBV?

A
  • interferon alfa
39
Q

What are the special considerations of tenofovir when used for HBV?

A
  • works against lamivudine and entecavir resistant isolates
  • does not work against adefovir resistant isolates
  • significantly higher rate of response than adevfovir
40
Q

What are the ADEs of entecavir?

A
  • dizziness

- fatigue

41
Q

What are the special considerations for lamivudine (Epivir HBV)?

A
  • resistance is common

- lower dose than for HIV

42
Q

What are the ADEs of interfereon?

A
  • flu-like sx that improve as tx continues

H/A, myalgias, arthralgias, fatigue, malaise, fever, chills

43
Q

What are the CIs of interferon?

A
  • hepatic decompensation
  • autoimmune dz
  • hx of arrhythmia
  • pregnancy
44
Q

What type of tx is the standard of care for HCV?

A
  • combo therapy
45
Q

What are the treatment options for HCV?

A
  • sofosbuvir
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • simeprevir
  • ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir & dasabuvir (Viekira Pak)
  • ribavirin
46
Q

What is the Viekira Pak approved for treating?

A
  • genotype 1 HCV
47
Q

What is the best method of routine prevention of the flu?

A
  • inactivated influenza vaccine
48
Q

What are the antivirals for influenza?

A
  • amantadine
  • rimantadine
  • oseltamivir
  • zanamivir
49
Q

What are the ADEs of amantadine and rimantadine?

A
  • CNS toxicity, increased risk in eldery

rimantadine less than amantadine

50
Q

What are the special considerations of amantadine?

A
  • no longer recommended for influenza prophylaxis

- used to tx Parkinson and drug-induced EPS

51
Q

What may happen with disinfectants and antiseptics?

A
  • contaminated with spores or bacteria that transmit infection

Pharmacology - Final Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions