Antiviral Part 1 Flashcards
Drugs active against influenza virus
Amantadine, Zanamavir
T/F: Effective host immune response remains essential for the recovery from viral infection?
True
Amantadine:
1) Antiviral activity against ____ viruses, primarily influenza A.
2) Inhibition of viral uncoating by ___________ the viral membrane protein M2.
3) However _____________ exists, and CDC/state health agency recommendations should be checked seasonally.
4) Amantadine has a high incidence of ____ Side effects.
5) Poorly tolerated in the ________ and contraindicated in pregnancy.
1) RNA
2) Inhibiting,
3) Resistance,
4) CNS,
5) Elderly
Zanamavir:
1) Influenza contains the enzyme ___________ which is essential for replication of the virus.
2) Active against Influenza __ and ___
3) Can be used for both ________ and acute treatment.
1) Neuraminadase
2) A, B
3) Prophylaxis
Anti-viral drugs: Herpes
Acyclovir, Famciclovir- all are guanine nucleoside analogs
Enveloped DNA virus
Herpes simplex 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster
CMV
Acyclovir and Famciclovir are _____________ by a viral ________-kinase, then metabolized by host cell _________ to nucleotide analogs.
1) Phosphorylated
2) thymadine
3) kinases
1) For acyclovir and Famciclovir, the analog inhibits viral _____-_________.
2) Incorporated into DNA, ________ terminator
1) Dna-Polymerase
2) Chain
What is becoming an increasing problem with Acyclovir and Famiciclovir, especially in the immunosuppressed and is likely due to changes in thymidine kinase, so affects all congeners
Resistance
Acyclovir or Famciclovir: What has poor oral availability
Acyclovir
Acyclovir or Famciclovir: What is hydrolyzed to penciclovir and has greatest oral availability?
Famciclovir
What is used for herpes encephalitis?
Acyclovir- Ineffective in CMV infection
Adverse effects of acyclovir?
Renal toxicity is principle dose-limiting issue. Neurotoxicity, GI upset, headache, and rash are other effects.
Famcyclovir is a prodrug metabolized to_______ and then converted to _____________, DNA polymerase inhibitor.
Pencyclovir, Triphosphate
What drug is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog- inhibits DNA synthesis
Trifluridine
Drug limited to topical- Ocular HSV Keratitis
Trifluridine
Enveloped RNA virus
Hepatitis C- #1 reason for liver transplant
What drug is used in conjunction with interferon alpha for Hep C?
Ribavirin
Natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells. Used to treat Hep C:
Interferons (Alpha, beta, gamma)
What interferons are produced by all cells in response to viral infections
Alpha and Beta
What interferons are produced by T lymphocyte and NK cells in response to cytokines- immune regulating effects
Gamma interferons- less anti-viral activity than aplha and beta
Interferon causes induction of the following enzymes:
1) A _________ ______ which inhibits protein synthesis.
2) An _______-________ synthase which leads to degradation of viral mRNA.
3) A __________ which inhibits t-RNA.
1) Protein kinase
2) Oligo-adenylate
3) Phosphodiesterase
- Action leads to inhibition of translation.
