Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Supplemental Micro > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of viral treatments?

A

virucidal (detergents and cryotherapy), immunomodulatory and antivirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the main classes of antivirals?

A

nucleoside analogs, non nucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors and entry inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most common step of the viral life cycle that is inhibited by antivirals?

A

nucleic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which drug is most commonly used to modify the host cell defenses and what are its downsides?

A

pegylated interferon, it can have very bad side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are there broad spectrum antivirals? if not, why?

A

there are a few but most are very specific (evolved separately)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are “nucs”?

A

antivirals that are nucleoside analogs. compete for enzymes in purine and pyrimidine synthesis pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the most common mechanism for antiviral drugs? what is the downside of this?

A

most are reversible competitive inibitors. the virus will rebound once the drug is cleared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what factors favor the emergence of viral resistance?

A

high rate of replication, high mutation rate, high selective drug pressure (long term/multiple treatments) and an immunosupressed host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is resistance to antivirals countered?

A

alleviating immunosupression, combining drugs with different targets, and targeting host cell functions that will not be impacted by viral mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

who, of the people with HSV1, HSV2 and VSV should be treated?

A

neonates, people with frequent recurrences of HSV, complicated HSV infections, and people with zoster within 3 days of appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe acyclovir and its mechanism of action

A

it is a thymine analog without the pentane sugar ring. it is phosphorylated by viral TK and incorporated into DNA instead of dTTP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what infections should Acyclovir be used against?

A

HSV 1 and 2 (not zoster)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe Ganciclovir and its mechanism of action

A

it is a guanine analog that has similar mechanism to Acyclovir (incorporated into DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does Ganciclovir have such bad side effects?

A

It can be utilized by human cells as well. it is highly mutagenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who should be treated with Ganciclovir?

A

organ transplant patients, immunosuppressed people with CMV and people with CMV retinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two broad spectrum treatments for DNA viruses?

A

Foscarnet and Cidofovir

17
Q

what is the mechanism of Foscarnet, what is it effective against and what are its disadvantages?

A

effective against all herpesviruses by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. it can only be administered IV and it is toxic to the kidneys

18
Q

what is Cidofovir effective against, what is its mechanism and what are its disadvantages?

A

It is effective against a variety of DNA viruses. It is a cytosine analog and it is IV only with kidney toxicity

19
Q

What are the current treatment for Hep B virus and what other diseases do they treat?

A

pegylated interferon, entecavir and tenofovir. Treat HCV and HIV also

20
Q

which HBV patients should be treated?

A

patients with chronic, active HBV, people coinfected with HCV or HIV, and people who are progressing to liver damage and failure

21
Q

what are the treatments for Influenza and how do they work?

A

Relenza (inhaled) and tamiflu. work by keeping budding virions attached to the cell

22
Q

who should be treated for Influenza?

A

anyone suspected of having it

23
Q

What is the mechanism of Ribavirin

A

glucoside analog that prevents many pathways to create a defective virus

24
Q

what is Ribavirin used to treat?

A

it is approved for HCV and RSV but is used off-label for many other viruses

25
Q

How do you treat Hep C and why is compliance low?

A

pegylated interferon with ribavirin and it is painful with many side effects

26
Q

what is pegylated interferon?

A

it is interferon that is slowly released into the body

27
Q

what is AZT and why is it no longer used?

A

it is the first HIV drug similar to Acyclovir (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) that most strains are now resistant to.

28
Q

what is the current treatment strategy for HIV?

A

drug combinations of four drugs

29
Q

what are the classes of anti HIV drugs?

A

entry inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, integrase inhibitor and protease inhibitors

30
Q

what is cobicstat?

A

a drug enhancer that inhibits liver break down

31
Q

what is the new strategy for HIV treatment?

A

fewer pills with a drug enhancer

Supplemental Micro (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions