Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
Enfuvirtide
Blocks gp41, stops viral fusion.
Maraviroc
Blocks CCR5, stops viral entry into the cell.
Palivizumab
mAb against entry protein of RSV
Amantadine and Rimantadine
Interfere with uncoating of influenza A virus by blocking viral M2 protein channel.
Zanamivir and oseltamivir
Relenza and Tamiflu, respectively. Inhibit viral neuraminidase to inhibit cleavage of sialic acid from glycoproteins. Blocks budding of new viruses.
Acyclovir
Guanosine analogue effective against HSV 1 & 2 and VZV. Phosphorylated by viral tyrosine kinase, triphosphate accumulates and inhibits viral DNA polymerase.
Zidovudine
AZT. Synthetic thymidine analogue and NRTI. Competes with dTTP for binding to reverse transcriptase. When incorporated into viral DNA, nascent chain is terminated due to lack of 3’ OH. All NRTI’s can cause LACTIC ACIDOSIS!
Didanosine
NRTI, a deoxyadenosine analog. Can cause fatal pancreatitis and lactic acidosis, like all NRTI’s.
Emtricitabine
NRTI, side effects can include GI disturbances, insomnia, fatigue, and lactic acidosis.
Abacavir
NRTI, a guanosine analogue, less hematopoietic toxicity than AZT. Hypersensitivity rxns higher in HLA-B5701 allele mutation carriers. Also hepatomegaly.
Entecavir
NRTI, a guanine nucleoside analogue. Weak anti-HIV reverse transcriptase inhibiter.
Truvada
Tenofovir and emtracitibine combined.
Atripla
Tenofovir, emtracitibine, and efavirenz combined.
Tenofovir
Nucleotide inhibitor of viral nucleic acid synthesis. Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase.
Efavirenz
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Nightmares, neuropsychological effects, don’t give during pregnancy. Given in combination with tenofovir and emtracitibine as Atripla.
Foscarnet
Inhibits HSV and CMV-encoded DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase.
Raltegravir
HIV integrase inhibitor. Limited side effects since there is no mammalian analogue to HIV integrase.
Atazanavir and all other -navir drugs
HIV protease inhibitors. Bind to catalytic site of HIV protease and block its cleavage of the pol gene product into multiple functional genes. Inducers of CYP3A4 (i.e. rifampin) reduce serum concentration. PI’s are associated with lipodystrophies, atazanavir has lowest incidence of lipodystrophies and high blood triglyceride levels.
