Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

Enfuvirtide

Answer 1

Blocks gp41, stops viral fusion.

Question 2

Maraviroc

Answer 2

Blocks CCR5, stops viral entry into the cell.

Question 3

Palivizumab

Answer 3

mAb against entry protein of RSV

Question 4

Amantadine and Rimantadine

Answer 4

Interfere with uncoating of influenza A virus by blocking viral M2 protein channel.

Question 5

Zanamivir and oseltamivir

Answer 5

Relenza and Tamiflu, respectively. Inhibit viral neuraminidase to inhibit cleavage of sialic acid from glycoproteins. Blocks budding of new viruses.

Question 6

Acyclovir

Answer 6

Guanosine analogue effective against HSV 1 & 2 and VZV. Phosphorylated by viral tyrosine kinase, triphosphate accumulates and inhibits viral DNA polymerase.

Question 7

Zidovudine

Answer 7

AZT. Synthetic thymidine analogue and NRTI. Competes with dTTP for binding to reverse transcriptase. When incorporated into viral DNA, nascent chain is terminated due to lack of 3’ OH. All NRTI’s can cause LACTIC ACIDOSIS!

Question 8

Didanosine

Answer 8

NRTI, a deoxyadenosine analog. Can cause fatal pancreatitis and lactic acidosis, like all NRTI’s.

Question 9

Emtricitabine

Answer 9

NRTI, side effects can include GI disturbances, insomnia, fatigue, and lactic acidosis.

Question 10

Abacavir

Answer 10

NRTI, a guanosine analogue, less hematopoietic toxicity than AZT. Hypersensitivity rxns higher in HLA-B5701 allele mutation carriers. Also hepatomegaly.

Question 11

Entecavir

Answer 11

NRTI, a guanine nucleoside analogue. Weak anti-HIV reverse transcriptase inhibiter.

Question 12

Truvada

Answer 12

Tenofovir and emtracitibine combined.

Question 13

Atripla

Answer 13

Tenofovir, emtracitibine, and efavirenz combined.

Question 14

Tenofovir

Answer 14

Nucleotide inhibitor of viral nucleic acid synthesis. Inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase.

Question 15

Efavirenz

Answer 15

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Nightmares, neuropsychological effects, don’t give during pregnancy. Given in combination with tenofovir and emtracitibine as Atripla.

Question 16

Foscarnet

Answer 16

Inhibits HSV and CMV-encoded DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase.

Question 17

Raltegravir

Answer 17

HIV integrase inhibitor. Limited side effects since there is no mammalian analogue to HIV integrase.

Question 18

Atazanavir and all other -navir drugs

Answer 18

HIV protease inhibitors. Bind to catalytic site of HIV protease and block its cleavage of the pol gene product into multiple functional genes. Inducers of CYP3A4 (i.e. rifampin) reduce serum concentration. PI’s are associated with lipodystrophies, atazanavir has lowest incidence of lipodystrophies and high blood triglyceride levels.