Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

What is the classification of Acyclovir

Answer 1

Nucleoside analogue

Antiviral

Question 2

What is the classification of Ganciclovir?

Answer 2

Nucleoside analogue

Antiviral

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?

Answer 3

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

Question 4

What are the therapeutic indications of Acyclovir?

Answer 4

• herpes simplex viruses
• varicella-zoster viruses
• Epstein- Barr virus

Question 5

How is Acyclovir administered?

Answer 5

orally, IV or topically

Question 6

Describe the absorption of Acyclovir when administered orally

Answer 6

only 15-30% of the dose is absorbed and peak plasma concentrations are reached in 1-2 hours

Question 7

Describe the distribution of Acyclovir

Answer 7

widely distributed, reaching concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid which are 50% of those in the plasma

Question 8

What is the half-life of Acyclovir?

Answer 8

2-3 hours

Question 9

How is Acyclovir excreted? (and what %)

Answer 9

more than 90% is excreted unchanged by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion by the kidneys

Question 10

What are the adverse effects of Acyclovir? (5)

Answer 10

Minimal, but:

• headache
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhoea
• light- headedness