Antiseptics And Disinfectants Flashcards
Sterilant vs disinfectant?
Sterilant = kills both vegetative cells and spores Disinfectant = destroys most (NOT ALL) vegetative microbes or viruses but NOT spores; for INANIMATE object
Sterilization vs Decontamination vs Pasteurization
Sterilization = process of an agent to a LIVING TISSUE for a purpoe of prevening infection
Decontamination = marked destruction in NUMBER OF ACTIVITY of microorg
Pasteurization = kills NONSPORULATING microorg by HOT WATER or STEAM at 65-100 deg C
Mechanism of sterilizers
- Moist and dry heat
- Ionizing rad
- Protein denat (+ heat), enz inhibition, NA breakdown
2. DNA damage
Mechanism of disinfectants
- UV rad
- Chemicals
- Mutation
2. Protein denat, enz inhibition, NA breakdown
Methods of microbial control using moist heat (4)
Boiling Autoclaving Pasteurization UHT sterilization (BAPU)
Ultimte means of dry heat sterilization
Incineration
Standard autoclave conditions
121 deg C, 15 psi, 15 min
70% alcohol is used as sterilant?
No
More effective than alcohol
Has residual activity when usedrepreatedly producing bactericidal action
Chlorhexidine
Most active antiseptic for intact skin but is not commonly used due to alergic reactions
Iodine-based halogen (Iodine)
Strong oxidizing agent and universal disinfectant that is provided as 5.25% Na hypochlorite
1:10 dilution provides 5000 ppm of available chlorine can disinfect blood spills
Chlorine
Low toxicity and is used in food facilities
Quats/Quaternary ammonium compounds
Used for disinfection or sterilization of instruments such as fiberoptic endoscopes, hemodialyzers, dental handpieces
Formaldehyde (more tuberculocidal) and glutaraldehyde (more sporicidal)
MOA of heavy metals as sterilizer/disinfectant?
Denature proteins by breaking disulfide bonds
Used safely for preservations of vaccines, anti-toxins and immune sera in minute form
Thimerosal
