Antiseptics Flashcards
Define anticeptic
A drug/compound used to prevent bacterial invasion to the body.
What do antiseptics do to bacteria
Don’t kill but prevent multiplication
bacteriostasis
inhibition of the growth of bacteria without destruction
If an antiseptic kills the bacteria is refers to as what?
Germicidal
What is the “phenol coefficient”?
How the strength or effectiveness of an antiseptic is determined.
-an antiseptic with a phenol coefficient of 3X is 3times more powerful than the same amount of phenol.
Coal Tar antiseptic group
- phenol
- credit
- resorcinol
- thymol
- trinitrophenol
What is Phenol/carbolic acid?
- A very powerful antiseptic when in strengths over 80%.
- Very caustic in this concentration, NOT applied to patient.
- used to scrub counter tops or floors at this concentration.
What is the action, astringent properties, and some products Phenol is in?
- action: precipitating the proteins in the coat of bacteria.
- Astringent properties: in diluted solutions act as mild anesthetic-
- Camphorated Phenol cream (30% phenol, 60% camphor, 10% liquid): chest rub for respiratory congestion.
- Phenolated lotion/Calamine lotion: effective for itchy, burning of local dermatitis found in poison oak/ivy and insect bites.
What is Cresol
- phenol coefficient of 3X
- brown liquid, distinctive tarry odor (is a direct coal tar derivative)
- common name preparations with cresol are: creolin, cresolin and Lysol
What is cresol used for?
- when cresol is at 50% concentration in linseed oil soap (makes it soluble) it is used to disinfect rooms and equipment.
- when diluted to .25% to .50% is used effectively as a vaginal douche. Same concentration in hospitals can be used for bladder irrigation.
What is resorcinol
- phenol coefficient of -1X (less effective than phenol)
- colorless, odorless and turns pink when exposed to light.
How soluble is resorcinol and what is it used for?
- very soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin.
- chide use: ointment of 5-10-% concentration. Used to treat psoriasis, eczema and erysipelas
What is thymol
- Colorless, slightly aromatic crystalline solid
- which is slightly soluble in water, very soluble in alcohol.
What are the uses of thymol
-primarily used in mouth washed and astringent gargles due to its odor and taste
-good antiseptic lotion/ointment to treat fungal
disease
- effective to manage hookworms
What is Trinitrophenol/picric acid
- phenol coefficient of 7X
- yellow crystalline powder with a bitter taste without odor.
- will stain the skin
- slightly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol
What is the use of
Trinitrophenol
- treatment of burns and superficial wounds ( dressings soaked and applied directly)
- due to caustic nature it has limits cannot be applied to large areas of the body (approx 90% of total body area or equivalent to one full extremity)
What are the dye group antiseptics used for?
- are organic compounds, that sometimes carry mercury
- most effective when used as antiseptic and chemotherapy agent.
List the dye antiseptics
Proflavine dihydrochloride
Methylrosaniline
Methylrhionine
Merthiolate
What is proflavine
-not commonly used
- 1:1000 concentration in isotonic
saline
-before advent of antibiotics it was used to saturate gauze and pack wounds.
-is effective with small wound cavities such as furunculosis and carbunculosis
- was a treatment choice for conjunctival gonorrhea and otitis media
What is Methylrosaniline/gentle violet
- deep violet solution in 3% concentration of water or alcohol
- very effective against gram positive bacteria (mainly staphylococci)
- most commonly used to treat ringworm
- other uses: chronic cystitis, fungus, and burns in its jelly form.
What is Merhylthionine chloride/methylene blue
- dark green powder forms deep blue solutions
- main use as a urinary antiseptic
- diagnostic use to locate ano-vaginal fistulas or sinuses or crypto-vaginal fistulas
What is Merthiolate/thymerol/thymersol
- organic mercury compound containing up to 50% mercury
- very effective general antiseptic including spore bearing bacteria and fungicide
- excellent laceration and abrasion antiseptic
- choice antiseptic for final preoperative skin scrub in 1:2000 concentrations.
List the halogen containing groups of antiseptics
Chlorine
Iodine
What does chlorine do as an
antiseptic
- most common use is the Dakin’s Solution (sodium hypochlorite)
- yellowish irritant gas when inhaled causes death (used to disinfect drinking water)
- dilute chlorine solution to .45-.50% of sodium and keep freshly mixed in light resistant bottle no longer than 48 hours. Will be come alkaline and caustic.
- antiseptic for open wounds of all kinds
- dissolves pus, bacteria, necrosed tissues w/o disturbing clots.
- current lit suggests abandonment of Dakin’s Solution for wound treatment due to toxicity to cells ( more damage than good)
What does iodine do as an
antiseptic
- bluish black crystal with metallic luster and odor. Slightly soluble in water, more so when potassium iodide is added
- populate for surgical scrubs
- diluted it is effective as a wound lavage
- sometimes irritating to skin
- beta dyne or providyne in 10% concentration are frequently used as skin prep and cold sterilization.
- 7% solutions are tinctures and used on open wounds
- 5% solutions can be applied to certain external mucosal linings such as for vaginal packs
- concentration for vaginal packs is called a Lugol’s solution
List miscellaneous antiseptics
Silver nitrate
Alcohol
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen peroxide
