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Minor Surgery and Proctology > Antiseptics > Flashcards

Antiseptics Flashcards

1
Q

Define anticeptic

A

A drug/compound used to prevent bacterial invasion to the body.

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2
Q

What do antiseptics do to bacteria

A

Don’t kill but prevent multiplication

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3
Q

bacteriostasis

A

inhibition of the growth of bacteria without destruction

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4
Q

If an antiseptic kills the bacteria is refers to as what?

A

Germicidal

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5
Q

What is the “phenol coefficient”?

A

How the strength or effectiveness of an antiseptic is determined.
-an antiseptic with a phenol coefficient of 3X is 3times more powerful than the same amount of phenol.

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6
Q

Coal Tar antiseptic group

A
  • phenol
  • credit
  • resorcinol
  • thymol
  • trinitrophenol
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7
Q

What is Phenol/carbolic acid?

A
  • A very powerful antiseptic when in strengths over 80%.
  • Very caustic in this concentration, NOT applied to patient.
  • used to scrub counter tops or floors at this concentration.
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8
Q

What is the action, astringent properties, and some products Phenol is in?

A
  • action: precipitating the proteins in the coat of bacteria.
  • Astringent properties: in diluted solutions act as mild anesthetic-
  • Camphorated Phenol cream (30% phenol, 60% camphor, 10% liquid): chest rub for respiratory congestion.
  • Phenolated lotion/Calamine lotion: effective for itchy, burning of local dermatitis found in poison oak/ivy and insect bites.
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9
Q

What is Cresol

A
  • phenol coefficient of 3X
  • brown liquid, distinctive tarry odor (is a direct coal tar derivative)
  • common name preparations with cresol are: creolin, cresolin and Lysol
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10
Q

What is cresol used for?

A
  • when cresol is at 50% concentration in linseed oil soap (makes it soluble) it is used to disinfect rooms and equipment.
  • when diluted to .25% to .50% is used effectively as a vaginal douche. Same concentration in hospitals can be used for bladder irrigation.
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11
Q

What is resorcinol

A
  • phenol coefficient of -1X (less effective than phenol)

- colorless, odorless and turns pink when exposed to light.

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12
Q

How soluble is resorcinol and what is it used for?

A
  • very soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin.

- chide use: ointment of 5-10-% concentration. Used to treat psoriasis, eczema and erysipelas

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13
Q

What is thymol

A
  • Colorless, slightly aromatic crystalline solid

- which is slightly soluble in water, very soluble in alcohol.

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14
Q

What are the uses of thymol

A

-primarily used in mouth washed and astringent gargles due to its odor and taste
-good antiseptic lotion/ointment to treat fungal
disease
- effective to manage hookworms

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15
Q

What is Trinitrophenol/picric acid

A
  • phenol coefficient of 7X
  • yellow crystalline powder with a bitter taste without odor.
  • will stain the skin
  • slightly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol
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16
Q

What is the use of

Trinitrophenol

A
  • treatment of burns and superficial wounds ( dressings soaked and applied directly)
  • due to caustic nature it has limits cannot be applied to large areas of the body (approx 90% of total body area or equivalent to one full extremity)
17
Q

What are the dye group antiseptics used for?

A
  • are organic compounds, that sometimes carry mercury

- most effective when used as antiseptic and chemotherapy agent.

18
Q

List the dye antiseptics

A

Proflavine dihydrochloride
Methylrosaniline
Methylrhionine
Merthiolate

19
Q

What is proflavine

A

-not commonly used
- 1:1000 concentration in isotonic
saline
-before advent of antibiotics it was used to saturate gauze and pack wounds.
-is effective with small wound cavities such as furunculosis and carbunculosis
- was a treatment choice for conjunctival gonorrhea and otitis media

20
Q

What is Methylrosaniline/gentle violet

A
  • deep violet solution in 3% concentration of water or alcohol
  • very effective against gram positive bacteria (mainly staphylococci)
  • most commonly used to treat ringworm
  • other uses: chronic cystitis, fungus, and burns in its jelly form.
21
Q

What is Merhylthionine chloride/methylene blue

A
  • dark green powder forms deep blue solutions
  • main use as a urinary antiseptic
  • diagnostic use to locate ano-vaginal fistulas or sinuses or crypto-vaginal fistulas
22
Q

What is Merthiolate/thymerol/thymersol

A
  • organic mercury compound containing up to 50% mercury
  • very effective general antiseptic including spore bearing bacteria and fungicide
  • excellent laceration and abrasion antiseptic
  • choice antiseptic for final preoperative skin scrub in 1:2000 concentrations.
23
Q

List the halogen containing groups of antiseptics

A

Chlorine

Iodine

24
Q

What does chlorine do as an

antiseptic

A
  • most common use is the Dakin’s Solution (sodium hypochlorite)
  • yellowish irritant gas when inhaled causes death (used to disinfect drinking water)
  • dilute chlorine solution to .45-.50% of sodium and keep freshly mixed in light resistant bottle no longer than 48 hours. Will be come alkaline and caustic.
  • antiseptic for open wounds of all kinds
  • dissolves pus, bacteria, necrosed tissues w/o disturbing clots.
  • current lit suggests abandonment of Dakin’s Solution for wound treatment due to toxicity to cells ( more damage than good)
25
Q

What does iodine do as an

antiseptic

A
  • bluish black crystal with metallic luster and odor. Slightly soluble in water, more so when potassium iodide is added
  • populate for surgical scrubs
  • diluted it is effective as a wound lavage
  • sometimes irritating to skin
  • beta dyne or providyne in 10% concentration are frequently used as skin prep and cold sterilization.
  • 7% solutions are tinctures and used on open wounds
  • 5% solutions can be applied to certain external mucosal linings such as for vaginal packs
  • concentration for vaginal packs is called a Lugol’s solution
26
Q

List miscellaneous antiseptics

A

Silver nitrate
Alcohol
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen peroxide

Minor Surgery and Proctology (3 decks)

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