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EEG and CLTM BOARD EXAM > Antiseizure Medications > Flashcards

Antiseizure Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antiepileptic?

A

Used to control or prevent seizures. The specific drug therapy is based on the type and frequency of the seizures.

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2
Q

What is the generic name for Dilantin?

A

phenytoin

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3
Q

What types of seizures does Dilantin treat?

A
  • Simple seizures
  • Complex seizures
  • Partial seizures
  • Generalized tonic clonic seizures
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4
Q

What are the effects of Dilantin on EEG?

A

Mild slowing

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5
Q

What are the toxic levels of Dilantin indicated by on EEG?

A

Generalized delta

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6
Q

What is the generic name for Phenobarbital?

A

Barbita, luminal, solfolon

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7
Q

What seizure types does Phenobarbital treat?

A
  • Most seizure types
  • Febrile seizures
  • Status epilepticus
  • Partial complex when others fail
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8
Q

What are the effects of Phenobarbital on EEG?

A
  • Generalized anterior dominant fast 15-35 Hz
  • Posterior fast (children)
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9
Q

What is the generic name for Tegretol?

A

carbamazepine

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10
Q

What types of seizures does Tegretol treat?

A

Partial and generalized tonic clonic seizures

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11
Q

What are the effects of Tegretol on EEG?

A
  • None
  • Mild alpha slowing
  • Increased beta
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12
Q

What is the generic name for Trileptal?

A

oxcarbazepine

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13
Q

What types of seizures does Trileptal treat?

A

Partial seizures

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14
Q

What are the effects of Trileptal on EEG?

A
  • Slowing of peak frequency
  • Increased theta & delta
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15
Q

What is the generic name for Neurontin?

A

gabapentin

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16
Q

What types of seizures does Neurontin treat?

A

Partial and secondary generalized seizures

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17
Q

What are the effects of Neurontin on EEG?

A
  • Minimally increase delta & theta
  • Decreased alpha
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18
Q

What is the generic name for Lyrica?

A

pregabalin

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19
Q

What types of seizures does Lyrica treat?

A

Partial seizures

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20
Q

What is the generic name for Zarontin?

A

ethosuximide

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21
Q

What type of seizures does Zarontin treat?

A

Absence seizures

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22
Q

What is the generic name for Vimpat?

A

lacosamide

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23
Q

What types of seizures does Vimpat treat?

A

Partial and secondary generalized seizures

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24
Q

What is the generic name for Sabril?

A

vigabatrin

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25
Q

What is the generic name for Lamictal?

A

Lamotrigine

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26
Q

What is Lamictal used for?

A

Used as an adjustment for partial seizures

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27
Q

What are the effects of Lamictal on EEG?

A
  • None
  • Increases interictal spikes in photoparoxysmal responses
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28
Q

What is the generic name for Topomax?

A

Topiramate

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29
Q

What is the generic name for Keppra?

A

Levetiracetam

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30
Q

What types of seizures does Keppra treat?

A
  • Partial seizures
  • Generalized tonic clonic seizures
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31
Q

What is the generic name for Klonopin?

A

Clonazepam

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32
Q

What types of seizures does Klonopin treat?

A
  • Absence seizures
  • Myoclonic seizures
  • Atonic seizures
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
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33
Q

What are the effects of Klonopin on EEG?

A
  • Loss of background
  • Decreased voltage
  • Frontal beta, some theta
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34
Q

What is the generic name for Banzel?

A

rufinamide

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35
Q

What types of seizures does Banzel treat?

A
  • Lennox-Gastaut associated seizures
  • Absence seizures
  • Myoclonic seizures
  • Atonic seizures
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36
Q

What is the generic name for Ativan?

A

Lorazepam

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37
Q

What is Ativan used for?

A

Short term treatment of all seizures, status epilepticus, and generalized tonic clonic seizures

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38
Q

What are the effects of Ativan on EEG?

A
  • Loss of background
  • Decreased voltage
  • Frontal beta, some theta
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39
Q

What is the generic name for Felbatol?

A

Felbamate

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40
Q

What types of seizures does Felbatol treat?

A
  • Seizures when all other medication fails
  • Partial seizures
  • Some generalized seizures
  • Lennox-Gastaut associated seizures
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41
Q

What are the effects of Felbatol on EEG?

A

None

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42
Q

What is the generic name for Mysoline?

A

Primidone

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43
Q

What types of seizures does Mysoline treat?

A
  • Focal seizures
  • Generalized tonic clonic seizures
  • Myoclonic seizures
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44
Q

What are the effects of Mysoline on EEG?

A
  • Increased fast activity, frontally predominant
  • Decreased alpha
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45
Q

What is the generic name for Valium?

A

Diazepam

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46
Q

What is Valium used for?

A

Short term treatment of all seizures, status epilepticus

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47
Q

What are the effects of Valium on EEG?

A

Frontally predominant fast activity but can be more diffuse

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48
Q

What is the generic name for Gabitril?

A

Tiagabine

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49
Q

What types of seizures does Gabitril treat?

A

Partial and some generalized seizures

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50
Q

What are the effects of Gabitril on EEG?

A

None

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51
Q

What is the generic name for Haldol?

A

Haloperidol

52
Q

What conditions does Haldol treat?

A
  • Schizophrenia
  • Tourettes Syndrome
  • Tremors
  • Huntington’s chorea
53
Q

What are the effects of Haldol on EEG?

A

Paradoxical effects, slow and fast activity

54
Q

What is the generic name for Librium?

A

Chlordiazepoxide HCL

55
Q

What is Librium used for?

A

Tranquilizer

56
Q

What are the effects of Librium on EEG?

A

Anterior dominant diffuse fast

57
Q

What is the generic name for Demerol?

A

Meperidine

58
Q

What is Demerol used for?

A

Analgesic (pain relief)

59
Q

What are the effects of Demerol on EEG?

A
  • Slowing of alpha
  • Generalized slowing
60
Q

What is the generic name for Morphine?

61
Q

What is Morphine used for?

A

Analgesic (severe pain relief)

62
Q

What are the effects of Morphine on EEG?

A
  • Acute dosage: decrease in frequency and amount of alpha
  • Chronic dosage: alpha returns to normal and increase in amount
  • Toxic dosage: diffuse slowing
63
Q

What is the generic name for Codeine?

64
Q

What is Codeine used for?

A

Analgesic (pain and cough relief)

65
Q

What are the effects of Codeine on EEG?

A
  • Decrease in frequency and amount of alpha
  • Chronic dosage: alpha returns to normal
66
Q

What is the generic name for ACTH?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

67
Q

What is ACTH used for?

A

Treatment for all cerebral edema with brain tumors and infantile spasms

68
Q

What are the effects of ACTH on EEG?

A

No appreciable effect

69
Q

What is the generic name for Amytal?

A

Sodium amytal

70
Q

What is Amytal used for?

A

Wada testing

71
Q

What are the effects of Amytal on EEG?

A

Enhanced beta

72
Q

What is the generic name for Chloral hydrate?

A

Chloral hydrate

73
Q

What are the effects of Chloral hydrate on EEG?

A

Little to no effect, increased anterior dominant beta

74
Q

Pentobarbital can cause what EEG pattern?

A

Burst suppression, beta activity

75
Q

A bolus of propofol results in

A

Burst suppression

76
Q

What medication is used to treat West Syndrome?

A

Vigabatrin

77
Q

What treatment is available for patients with Otahara Syndrome?

A

Focal resection, cerebral hemispherectomy, Ketogenic diet, ACTH injections, anti-seizure medications, VNS

78
Q

What AED is recommended for West Syndrome?

A

Vigabatrin

79
Q

Rapid removal of which anticonvulsant is most likely to cause a generalized seizure?

A

Phenobarbital

80
Q

What is the surgical treatment for Sturge Weber’s?

A

Hemispherectomy

81
Q

What is the first line treatment for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome?

A

Valproic acid

82
Q

Total suppression of the EEG followed by cardiovascular instability can be caused by:

A

Barbiturates

83
Q

What treatment is used for partial seizures?

A

Vagus nerve stimulation

84
Q

What is the safest AED for pregnant women?

85
Q

What surgical procedure is used to treat Hypothalamic Harmartomas?

A

Gamma knife

86
Q

What are the AED options for absence seizures?

A

Valproic acid and Ethosuximide

87
Q

What AED options are available for atypical absence, myoclonic, and atonic seizures?

A

Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, and Topiramate

88
Q

What are the AED options for focal aware/impaired awareness seizures?

A

Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Oxcarbazepine, Valproic acid

89
Q

What are the AED options for primary generalized seizures with TC movements?

A

Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate

90
Q

What is the treatment for Angelman’s Syndrome?

A

Valproate to reduce seizures, no known surgical treatment

91
Q

What AED is used for the treatment of childhood occipital spikes?

A

Carbamazepine

92
Q

What is the AED for Dravet Syndrome?

A

Valproate, Clobazam

93
Q

What is the surgical treatment for drop attacks?

A

Corpus Callostomy

94
Q

What is the AED for Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy?

A

Clobazam, Clonazepam

95
Q

What is the AED for Jaevon’s syndrome?

A

Levetiracetam

96
Q

What is the AED for epilepsy with myoclonic absence?

A

Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate

97
Q

What is the AED for epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures?

98
Q

What AED can be used to treat electrical status epilepticus of sleep (ESES)?

99
Q

What AED can be used to treat febrile seizures?

A

Diazepam as rescue only

100
Q

What AED is used for hyperkinetic frontal lobe?

A

Carbamazepine

101
Q

What type of changes would you expect to see on an EEG from a patient on Haldol?

A

Paradoxical effects, slow and fast activity

102
Q

What is another name for Phenobarbital?

103
Q

What is another name for Dilantin?

104
Q

What is another name for Chlorpromazine?

105
Q

What is another name for Codeine?

A

Acetaminophen

106
Q

What is another name for Librium?

A

Chlordiazepoxide

107
Q

What is another name for Haloperidol lactate?

108
Q

What is another name for Gabitril?

109
Q

What is another name for Valium?

110
Q

What is another name for Mysoline?

111
Q

What is another name for Felbatol?

112
Q

What is another name for Ativan?

113
Q

What is another name for Banzel?

A

Rufinamide

114
Q

What is another name for Klonopin?

A

Clonazepam

115
Q

What is another name for Keppra?

A

Levetiracetam

116
Q

What is another name for Zonegran?

A

Zonisamide

117
Q

What is another name for Topamax?

A

Topiramate

118
Q

What is another name for Lamictal?

A

Lamotrigine

119
Q

What is another name for Depakene?

A

Valproic acid

120
Q

What is another name for Sabril?

A

Vigabatrin

121
Q

What is another name for Vimpat?

A

Lacosamide

122
Q

What is another name for Zarontin?

A

Ethosuximide

123
Q

What is another name for Lyrica?

A

Pregabalin

124
Q

What is another name for Neurontin?

A

Gabapentin

125
Q

What is another name for Trileptal?

A

Oxycarbazepine

126
Q

What is another name for Tegretol?

A

Carbamazepine

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