antipsychotics Flashcards
when is the onset of schizophrenia
late adolescence or early adulthood
what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia
abnormal behaviours observed
what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia
absence of normal behaviours
What are the 3 neurochenical theories
Dopamine theory
5-HT
Glutamate
What is the dopamine theory
Amphetamine produces symptoms similar to acute schizophrenia
All antipsychotics are D2 antagonists
What is the 5-HT theory
Lysergic acid diet hula mode acts primarily as a 5-HT2 agonist, produces symptoms similar to acute schizophrenia
Many of the newer atypical antipsychotics have 5-HT2 antagonism
What is the glutamate theory
Drugs which block the NMDA receptor channel
Gaining popularity but no clinically useful drugs
Typical antipsychotics control ___ symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive
Typical antipsychotics produce ____
EPS
What are 2 typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Atypical antipsychotics control ____ symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive
Advantage of atypical antipsychotics
Less EPS
4 atypical antipsychotics
Amidulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone
What are chlorpromazine side effects
M1: dry mouth constipation blurred vision
H1: sedation weight gain
Alpha 1: postural hypotension dizziness
What are some side effects of haloperidol
Alpha 1: postural hypotension dizziness
What are extra pyramidal SE
Involves basal ganglia, including the striatum and substantia Bihar
What are acute dystopias
Parkinsonism like syndrome (cogwheel rigidity and tremor at rest)
When does acute dystonia occur
Within first few weeks of treatment
Acute dystonia is reversible or irreversible
Reversible when drug is stopped
What is acute dystonia caused by
D2 antagonism in the nigrostriatal pathway
What is tardive dyskinesia and akathisia
Develop slowly over months or years of treatment
Repetitive and stereotyped involuntary movements of face tongue and limbs
Involuntary movements and collusion to act (restlessness, anxiety and agitation
Is tardive dyskinesia and akathisia reversible?
No.
Does akathisia and dyskinesia correlate with duration of medication
Akathisia yes
Dyskinesia no
Many atypical antipsychotics have greater affinity at ____ and ___ and mixed antagonism at (5)
5HT2 and d4
Alpha adreniceptors, h1, myscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT2
_____ antagonism is the core of most atypical antipsychotics
Serotonin-dopamine
Clozapine SE
M1: Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision
H1: sedation, weight gain
Alpha 2: postural hypotension, dizziness
Clozapine induced agranulocytosis
What is clozapine-induced agranulocytosis
Lack of granulocyte type white blood cells
What are the ADR of amisulpride
Fewer SE due to selectivity for D2 / D3 receptors
Absence of alpha adrenoceptor block, antihistamine and anticholinergic SE
Gynaecomastia
Drug induced diabetes is a side effect for which antipsychotics
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Drug induced diabetes is reversible or irreversible
Irreversible
Drug induced weight gain in which atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
