antipsychotics

Question 1

when is the onset of schizophrenia

Answer 1

late adolescence or early adulthood

Question 2

what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 2

abnormal behaviours observed

Question 3

what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 3

absence of normal behaviours

Question 4

What are the 3 neurochenical theories

Answer 4

Dopamine theory
5-HT
Glutamate

Question 5

What is the dopamine theory

Answer 5

Amphetamine produces symptoms similar to acute schizophrenia
All antipsychotics are D2 antagonists

Question 6

What is the 5-HT theory

Answer 6

Lysergic acid diet hula mode acts primarily as a 5-HT2 agonist, produces symptoms similar to acute schizophrenia
Many of the newer atypical antipsychotics have 5-HT2 antagonism

Question 7

What is the glutamate theory

Answer 7

Drugs which block the NMDA receptor channel

Gaining popularity but no clinically useful drugs

Question 8

Typical antipsychotics control ___ symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Typical antipsychotics produce ____

Answer 9

EPS

Question 10

What are 2 typical antipsychotics

Answer 10

Chlorpromazine

Haloperidol

Question 11

Atypical antipsychotics control ____ symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 11

Positive

Question 12

Advantage of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 12

Less EPS

Question 13

4 atypical antipsychotics

Answer 13

Amidulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone

Question 14

What are chlorpromazine side effects

Answer 14

M1: dry mouth constipation blurred vision
H1: sedation weight gain
Alpha 1: postural hypotension dizziness

Question 15

What are some side effects of haloperidol

Answer 15

Alpha 1: postural hypotension dizziness

Question 16

What are extra pyramidal SE

Answer 16

Involves basal ganglia, including the striatum and substantia Bihar

Question 17

What are acute dystopias

Answer 17

Parkinsonism like syndrome (cogwheel rigidity and tremor at rest)

Question 18

When does acute dystonia occur

Answer 18

Within first few weeks of treatment

Question 19

Acute dystonia is reversible or irreversible

Answer 19

Reversible when drug is stopped

Question 20

What is acute dystonia caused by

Answer 20

D2 antagonism in the nigrostriatal pathway

Question 21

What is tardive dyskinesia and akathisia

Answer 21

Develop slowly over months or years of treatment
Repetitive and stereotyped involuntary movements of face tongue and limbs
Involuntary movements and collusion to act (restlessness, anxiety and agitation

Question 22

Is tardive dyskinesia and akathisia reversible?

Answer 22

No.

Question 23

Does akathisia and dyskinesia correlate with duration of medication

Answer 23

Akathisia yes

Dyskinesia no

Question 24

Many atypical antipsychotics have greater affinity at ____ and ___ and mixed antagonism at (5)

Answer 24

5HT2 and d4

Alpha adreniceptors, h1, myscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT2

Question 25

_____ antagonism is the core of most atypical antipsychotics

Answer 25

Serotonin-dopamine

Question 26

Clozapine SE

Answer 26

M1: Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision
H1: sedation, weight gain
Alpha 2: postural hypotension, dizziness
Clozapine induced agranulocytosis

Question 27

What is clozapine-induced agranulocytosis

Answer 27

Lack of granulocyte type white blood cells

Question 28

What are the ADR of amisulpride

Answer 28

Fewer SE due to selectivity for D2 / D3 receptors
Absence of alpha adrenoceptor block, antihistamine and anticholinergic SE
Gynaecomastia

Question 29

Drug induced diabetes is a side effect for which antipsychotics

Answer 29

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone

Question 30

Drug induced diabetes is reversible or irreversible

Answer 30

Irreversible

Question 31

Drug induced weight gain in which atypical antipsychotics

Answer 31

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone