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Neuro 4 > Antipsychotics > Flashcards

Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

Haloperidol

  • class
  • mechanism of action
A

= Typical antipsychotic

-D2 receptor antagonist

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2
Q

Indications for haloperidol

A
  • Schizophrenia, major depression w/ psychotic features, acute mania
  • Huntington’s
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3
Q

Serious AEs of Haloperidol

A

Tardive Dyskinesia, EPS, orthostatic hypotension

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4
Q

Mechanism of action for atypical antipsychotics

A
  • Dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonists

- wide antagonism of 5HT, D1, D2, D4, muscarinic, and alpha-1 receptors

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5
Q

Indications of atypical antipsychotics

A

-treatment refractory schizophrenia, typical antipsychotic indications, schizophrenia concurrent w/ tardive dyskinesia

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6
Q

AEs of atypical antipsychotics

A

Sedation, anticholinergic (constipation, dry mouth, dry eyes), orthostatic hypotension, hypersalivation, metabolic problems

Serious: agranulocytosis (dangerous drop in WBC => increased susceptibility to infection)

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7
Q

Indications of quetiapine (type of atypical antipsychotic)

A
  • typical antipsychotic indications (schizophrenia)
  • acute mania
  • bipolar depression
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8
Q

Mechanism of TCAs

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

-mechanism not fully understood: possibly antagonism of 5HT and NE presynaptic reuptake pumps

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9
Q

Serious AEs of TCAs

A
  • cardiotoxicity: TCAs slow cardiac conduction => EKG changes, arrhythmia, AV block
  • neurotoxicity: tremor and ataxia
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10
Q

Mechanism of MAOIs

A

-irreversible MAO inhibitor (MAO metabolizes 5HT DA and NE in presynaptic neuron)

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11
Q

Indications of MAO inhibitors

A
  • MAOB-I specifically for Parkinsons
  • clinical depression and anxiety: panic disorder, social phobia, atypical depression, PTSD, BPD, bipolar depression, OCD
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12
Q

Serious AE of MAOIs

A

Tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis => pts must be on low tyramine diet (avoid aged cheese, fava beans, and liver)

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13
Q

AEs of MAOIs

A

orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, mania, insomnia, myoclonus

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14
Q

Fluoxetine

A

= Prozac/Sarafem

-SSRI: selective antagonist at 5HT presynaptic reuptake pumps

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15
Q

Indications for fluoxetine

A

-MDD, PMDD, PTSD, bulemia

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16
Q

Which SSRI has efficacy in bulemia?

A

Fluoxetine

17
Q

Contraindication of SSRIs

A

Co-administration w/ MAOIs

18
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A
  • GI overstimulation => diarrhea, N/V
  • CNS overstimulation => anxiety, mental agitation
  • weight gain, mania
  • serotonin discontinuation syndrome is abruptly stop
19
Q

Venlaflaxine

A

= Effexor

-SNRI = serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor

20
Q

Side effect of SNRIs

A
  • tremor, agitation, tachycardia, HTN, dio N/V, anxiety and mental agitation, akathisia
  • discontinuation syndrome
21
Q

Mechanism of NaSSAs

-indication

A

NaSSA = NE and specific 5HT antidepressants

-indication: MDD

22
Q

AEs of NaSSAs

A
  • sedation (often used a sleep aid even…)

- agranulocytosis

23
Q

Buproprion

A

=Wellbutrin

-NE and DA reuptake inhibitor

24
Q

Contraindications for Buproprion

A
  • co-administration w/ MAOIs

- anorexia, bulimia, or seizure disorder

25
Q

Indications for Bupropion

A

-MDD, dysthymia, Bipolar, ADHD, smoking cessation

26
Q

Ativan

A

= short half-life Benzo

-shorter half life = more rapid onset and more addictive

27
Q

Lorazepam

A

= Ativan
= Benzo

-agonist of GABA-A receptor

28
Q

Indications for lorazepam

A

-GAD, situational anxiety/phobias, panic disorder, epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety assocaited w/ other psychiatric disorders

29
Q

Contraindication for Benzos

A

substance dependence

30
Q

Side effects of Benzos

A

drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, cognitive impairments, imnesia

-tolerance, dependent, withdrawal symptoms of anxiety insomnia restlessness agitation irritability and muscle tension

31
Q

Which two withdrawal syndromes can be lethal?

A

Alcohol and benzos (sedative hypnotics)

32
Q

Benadryl

A
  • nonbenzo hypnotic

- sedating antihistamine

33
Q

Indications of Benadryl

A
  • allergic symptoms

- insomnia

34
Q

Side effects of benadryl

A

sedation, weight gain, anticholinergic side effects (constipation, dry eyes/mouth)

Neuro 4 (6 decks)

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