Antipsychotic Medications Flashcards
What do typical/first gen antipsychotics manage?
Typical/first gen antipsychotics manage the positive symptoms of psychosis
What are some typical/first gen antipsychotics?
Haloperidol
Flupenthixol
Zuclopenthixol
Chlorpromazine
What are the main symptoms to monitor for with typical/first gen antipsychotics?
Extrapyramidal side effects
* Akathisia (restlessness)
* Dystonia (Stiffness and muscle rigidity)
* Oculogyric crisis (Involuntary upward eye movement)
* Pseudo parkinsonism (Rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia)
What do atypical/second gen antipsychotics manage?
Both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis
What are some atypical/second gen antipsychotics?
Quetiapine
Olanzapine
Clozapine
Aripiprazole
Risperidone
Amisulpride
Ziprasidone
What are some side effects of atypical/second gen antipsychotics?
Sedation
Seizures
Sexual dysfunction
Anticholinergic effects
* Dry mouth, eyes and throat
* Blurred vision
* Tachycardia
* Constipation
Cardiovascular effects
* Hypotension
* ECG changes
Metabolic side effects (metabolic syndrome)
* Weight gain
* Hyperglycaemia
* Dyslipidaemia
* Insulin resistance
High prolactin levels
* Increased risk of osteoporosis due to lower oestrogen
In smaller doses, what is quetiapine often used for?
To assist with anxiety and sleep
When may Clozapine be used?
When two other antipsychotic medications have been tried
What is required for a clozapine workup?
Full blood count (Must be done within the last 72 hours for pharmacy to dispense medication)
Liver test
Fasting blood glucose
Lipids
ECG
Lying and standing blood pressure
Temperature
What side effects should be monitored and managed with clozapine?
Bowel Hypomotility
Agranulocytosis (Low white blood cell count)
* Presents risk of infection
Cardiovascular effects
* Prolonged QT
* Myocarditis
* Cardiomyopathy
What are symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Fever
Sweating
Hypertension or Fluctuating Blood Pressure
Tachycardia
Confusion
Agitation
Muscle rigidity
