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Antipsychotic and Anxiolytic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are antipsychotic drugs

A

Drugs which eliminate the symptoms of psychotic diseases

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2
Q

Antipsychotic drugs synonym

A

Neuroleptics

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3
Q

What is psychosis

A

Psychotic disorder with a significant impairment of thinking and sensations

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4
Q

Symptoms of psychosis

A

Positive
1.delusions(false ideas, beleifs)
2.hallucinations

Negative
1.emotional blunting(lack of emotions)
2.social withdrawal(lack of communication)

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5
Q

Most accepted pathogenesis of schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis
(Symptoms caused by exclusive influence of dopaminergic neurons on mesolimbic area of brain

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6
Q

Other pathogenesis of schizophrenia

A

Serotonin hypothesis
(Increased influence of serotonin)
Glutamate hypothesis
(Decreased influence of glutamate)

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7
Q

Classification of antipsychotic drugs

A

Typical
1.phenothiazine derivatives
2.other chemical groups
Atypical

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8
Q

Typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Phenothiazine derivatives-

Chloropromazine(aliphatic)
Trifluoperazine,
fluphenazine,
decanoate,
prochlorperazine(piperazine)
Thioridazine(piperadine)

Other-
Haloperidol
Trifluperidol
Droperidol
Chlorprothixene

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9
Q

Atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone
Aripiprazol

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10
Q

Mechanism of typical antipsychotic drugs

A

Blocking dopamine D2 receptors

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11
Q

Mechanism of atypical psychotic drugs

A

Block serotonin 5-HT2 receptors

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12
Q

Which receptors does antipsychotic drugs have an affinity

A

Block
Muscarinic cholinoceptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors
Histamine H1 receptors

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13
Q

Which drug is most significant for affinity to all three receptors

A

Chloropromazine

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14
Q

Features of atypical antipsychotic drugs mechanism

A

1.significant antagonist properties for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
2.low affinity or rapid dissociation form D2 receptors(quatiapine)
3.high affinity to D4 than D2(clozapine)
4.partial agonist of D2 and D3(aripiprazole)

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15
Q

Sedative effects
(Drowsiness ,impaired memory )

A

Blockade of cholinoceptors
Adrenoceptors
Histamine H1 receptors

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16
Q

Early extrapyramidal disorders
(Parkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonia, malignant neuroleptic syndrome)

A

Blockade of D2 in neostriatum

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17
Q

Late extrapyramidal disorders
(Tardive dyskinesia)

A

Increase number of D2 receptors

18
Q

Increase of appetite, weight
Increased synthesis of prolactin
Decreased synthesis of gonadotropine

A

Blockade of D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in hypothalamus

19
Q

Dry mouth
Increased occular pressure
Constipation
Urinary retention

A

Blockade of M-cholinoceptors

20
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Blockade of alpha adrenoceptors

21
Q

What are extrapyramidal disorders caused by antipsychotic drugs

A

Parkinsonism
Akathisia
Acute dystonia
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome

22
Q

Treatment of drugs induced parkinsonism

A

Centrally acting Anti muscarinic drugs
Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine

23
Q

What is akathisia

A

expressed by Feeling restlessness,
Tension
Making movements such as to rock or to walkabout

24
Q

Treatment for akathisia

A

Beta adrenoblockers
Propranolol
Clonazepam

25
Q

What are manifestations of acute dystonia

A

Spastic long term contractions of group of muscles
Muscle spasm of face,tongue,neck,back
Involuntary eye movements
Facial grimacing
Abnormal postures

26
Q

Treatment for acute dystonia

A

Central anti muscarinic drugs
Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine

Antihistamine drug(diphenhydramine)
Botulinum toxinum

27
Q

Manifestations of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

A

Rapidly progressing muscle rigidity
High fever
Impairment of consciousness
Coma
Death

28
Q

Laboratory marker of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

A

Increased creatine kinase

29
Q

Treatment or management of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

A

Bromocriptine (D2 agonists)
Muscle relaxant dantrolene
Cooling by ice
Control of cardiovascular and respiratory system

30
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

Appears after a long-term treatment of antipsychotic drugs
Increased D2 dopamine receptors
Uncontrolled movements of face ,tongue, lips, jaws, extremities

31
Q

Treatment of tardive dyskinesia

A

Difficult for correction or irreversible

Decrease level of dopamine in CNS(tetrabenzine)
Clonazepam

32
Q

Comparison of phenothiazine derivatives

A
33
Q

Which dugs resembles chloropromazine

A

Droperidol
Chlorprothixene

34
Q

Which drugs resemble trifluoperazine

A

Haloperidol
Fluphenazine

35
Q

Distinctive features of atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

Low possibility of extrapyramidal disorders
Higher possibility of increased appetite and weight
More effective against negative symptoms
Higher risk of stroke

36
Q

Which drug has high risk of agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

37
Q

Distinctive features of aripiprazole

A

Lower possibility of weight gain
Improve results of treatment of depressions if added to antidepressant
Nicotine dependence
Hypersexuality
Gambling

38
Q

Application of antipsychotic drugs

A

Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorders
Neuroleptanaglesia
Prevention or releif of vomiting

39
Q

What is neuroleptanaglesia

A

Method of analgesia
Simultaneous administration of fentanyl and droperidol
Causes state of tranquility and calmness
Releiving pain in myocardial infarction
Some operations

40
Q

Which drugs are used to releif of vomiting

A

Prochlorperazine
Perphenazine
Block D2 receptors of vomiting center

41
Q

What are anxiolytic drugs

A

Drugs that reduce anxiety

42
Q

Classification of anxiolytic drugs

A

Benzodiazepines derivative
1.short acting (triazolam)
2.intermediate acting (oxazepam,lorazepam,alprazolam)
3.long acting (diazepam,chlordiazepoxide,medazepam,nitrazepam).

Agonists of seratonin 5-HT receptors
Buspirone

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