Antipsychotic and Anxiolytic Drugs

Question 1

What are antipsychotic drugs

Answer 1

Drugs which eliminate the symptoms of psychotic diseases

Question 2

Antipsychotic drugs synonym

Answer 2

Neuroleptics

Question 3

What is psychosis

Answer 3

Psychotic disorder with a significant impairment of thinking and sensations

Question 4

Symptoms of psychosis

Answer 4

Positive
1.delusions(false ideas, beleifs)
2.hallucinations

Negative
1.emotional blunting(lack of emotions)
2.social withdrawal(lack of communication)

Question 5

Most accepted pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Answer 5

Dopamine hypothesis
(Symptoms caused by exclusive influence of dopaminergic neurons on mesolimbic area of brain

Question 6

Other pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Answer 6

Serotonin hypothesis
(Increased influence of serotonin)
Glutamate hypothesis
(Decreased influence of glutamate)

Question 7

Classification of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 7

Typical
1.phenothiazine derivatives
2.other chemical groups
Atypical

Question 8

Typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 8

Phenothiazine derivatives-

Chloropromazine(aliphatic)
Trifluoperazine,
fluphenazine,
decanoate,
prochlorperazine(piperazine)
Thioridazine(piperadine)

Other-
Haloperidol
Trifluperidol
Droperidol
Chlorprothixene

Question 9

Atypical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 9

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Ziprasidone
Aripiprazol

Question 10

Mechanism of typical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 10

Blocking dopamine D2 receptors

Question 11

Mechanism of atypical psychotic drugs

Answer 11

Block serotonin 5-HT2 receptors

Question 12

Which receptors does antipsychotic drugs have an affinity

Answer 12

Block
Muscarinic cholinoceptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors
Histamine H1 receptors

Question 13

Which drug is most significant for affinity to all three receptors

Answer 13

Chloropromazine

Question 14

Features of atypical antipsychotic drugs mechanism

Answer 14

1.significant antagonist properties for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
2.low affinity or rapid dissociation form D2 receptors(quatiapine)
3.high affinity to D4 than D2(clozapine)
4.partial agonist of D2 and D3(aripiprazole)

Question 15

Sedative effects
(Drowsiness ,impaired memory )

Answer 15

Blockade of cholinoceptors
Adrenoceptors
Histamine H1 receptors

Question 16

Early extrapyramidal disorders
(Parkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonia, malignant neuroleptic syndrome)

Answer 16

Blockade of D2 in neostriatum

Question 17

Late extrapyramidal disorders
(Tardive dyskinesia)

Answer 17

Increase number of D2 receptors

Question 18

Increase of appetite, weight
Increased synthesis of prolactin
Decreased synthesis of gonadotropine

Answer 18

Blockade of D2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in hypothalamus

Question 19

Dry mouth
Increased occular pressure
Constipation
Urinary retention

Answer 19

Blockade of M-cholinoceptors

Question 20

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 20

Blockade of alpha adrenoceptors

Question 21

What are extrapyramidal disorders caused by antipsychotic drugs

Answer 21

Parkinsonism
Akathisia
Acute dystonia
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome

Question 22

Treatment of drugs induced parkinsonism

Answer 22

Centrally acting Anti muscarinic drugs
Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine

Question 23

What is akathisia

Answer 23

expressed by Feeling restlessness,
Tension
Making movements such as to rock or to walkabout

Question 24

Treatment for akathisia

Answer 24

Beta adrenoblockers
Propranolol
Clonazepam

Question 25

What are manifestations of acute dystonia

Answer 25

Spastic long term contractions of group of muscles Muscle spasm of face,tongue,neck,back Involuntary eye movements Facial grimacing Abnormal postures

Question 26

Treatment for acute dystonia

Answer 26

Central anti muscarinic drugs Trihexyphenidyl Benztropine Antihistamine drug(diphenhydramine) Botulinum toxinum

Question 27

Manifestations of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

Answer 27

Rapidly progressing muscle rigidity High fever Impairment of consciousness Coma Death

Question 28

Laboratory marker of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

Answer 28

Increased creatine kinase

Question 29

Treatment or management of malignant neuroleptic syndrome

Answer 29

Bromocriptine (D2 agonists) Muscle relaxant dantrolene Cooling by ice Control of cardiovascular and respiratory system

Question 30

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 30

Appears after a long-term treatment of antipsychotic drugs Increased D2 dopamine receptors Uncontrolled movements of face ,tongue, lips, jaws, extremities

Question 31

Treatment of tardive dyskinesia

Answer 31

Difficult for correction or irreversible Decrease level of dopamine in CNS(tetrabenzine) Clonazepam

Question 32

Comparison of phenothiazine derivatives

Question 33

Which dugs resembles chloropromazine

Answer 33

Droperidol Chlorprothixene

Question 34

Which drugs resemble trifluoperazine

Answer 34

Haloperidol Fluphenazine

Question 35

Distinctive features of atypical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 35

Low possibility of extrapyramidal disorders Higher possibility of increased appetite and weight More effective against negative symptoms Higher risk of stroke

Question 36

Which drug has high risk of agranulocytosis

Answer 36

Clozapine

Question 37

Distinctive features of aripiprazole

Answer 37

Lower possibility of weight gain Improve results of treatment of depressions if added to antidepressant Nicotine dependence Hypersexuality Gambling

Question 38

Application of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 38

Schizophrenia Psychotic disorders Neuroleptanaglesia Prevention or releif of vomiting

Question 39

What is neuroleptanaglesia

Answer 39

Method of analgesia Simultaneous administration of fentanyl and droperidol Causes state of tranquility and calmness Releiving pain in myocardial infarction Some operations

Question 40

Which drugs are used to releif of vomiting

Answer 40

Prochlorperazine Perphenazine Block D2 receptors of vomiting center

Question 41

What are anxiolytic drugs

Answer 41

Drugs that reduce anxiety

Question 42

Classification of anxiolytic drugs

Answer 42

Benzodiazepines derivative 1.short acting (triazolam) 2.intermediate acting (oxazepam,lorazepam,alprazolam) 3.long acting (diazepam,chlordiazepoxide,medazepam,nitrazepam). Agonists of seratonin 5-HT receptors Buspirone