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Pharmacology > Antiprotozoals > Flashcards

Antiprotozoals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the DOC for symptomatic E. histolytica infx?

A

metronidazole + luminal amebicide

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2
Q

What is the DOC for giardia lamblia?

A

metronidazole

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3
Q

what is the dOC for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

metronidazole

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4
Q

What is the DOC for toxoplasma gondii

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid (leucovorin)

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5
Q

what is the DOC for pneumocystitis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMZ + folinic acid (leucovorin)

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6
Q

What are the major adverse reactions to metronidazole?

A

Dysguesia (metallic taste)

Disulfiram-like reaction

CNS/PNS sxs

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7
Q

For patients with E. histolytica, G. lamblia and T. vaginalis infections who cannot tolerate metronidazole, what is the drug of second choice?

A

Tinidazole

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8
Q

What is unique regarding the course of treatment with tinidazole vs. metronidazole?

A

Tinidazole has longer half-life and can be taken once daily

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9
Q

Emetine and Dehydroemetine are only used under what conditions?

A

severe intestinal/systemic emebiasis infections where metronidazole is ineffective

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10
Q

What limits the use of emetine/dehydroemetine?

A

cardiotoxicity, serious GI effects, teratogenicity.

only available under compassional use by CDC

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11
Q

What are the DOC for asymptomatic e. hystolytica infections?

A

paramomycin or iodoquinol

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12
Q

What toxicities accompany iodoquinol?

A

high iodine content can cause thyroid enlargement

nail/hair/skin/sweat discoloration

rare optic neuritis/atrophy

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13
Q

paromomycin is what kind of antibiotic?

A

aminoglycoside

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14
Q

why doesn’t paromomycin have oto/nephro toxicity?

A

because it is not absorbed from the GI tract

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15
Q

when do you consider administration of iodoquinol or paromomycin?

A

for luminal trophozoites

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16
Q

what is the main side effect for paromomycin?

A

GI upset or superinfection

17
Q

What common antibiotics are used as alternative drugs to treat amebiasis and giardiasis in combo with metronidazole?

A

tetracycline and erythromycin

18
Q

What is the DOC for toxoplasma gondii?

A

pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine + Leucovorin

19
Q

describe the dosage of pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine in the tx of toxoplasmosis

A

high dose, approaching the toxic level

20
Q

what is the DOC for pneumocystitis pneumonia from p. jirovecii infection?

A

TMP-SMZ

21
Q

What is often given as prophylaxis against p. jirovecii in AIDS patients?

A

TMP-SMZ

22
Q

what is pentamidine effective against?

A

p. jirovecii

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action for pentamidine?

A

inhibit DNA replication

24
Q

what are the toxic side effects of pentamidine?

A

hypotension, arrhythmia, hypoglycemia

25
Q

When should you consider using pentamidine for p. jirovecii?

A

when TMP-SMZ isn’t able to be tolerated

26
Q

what is another drug that can be considered for patients with p. jirovecii that cannot tolerate TMP-SMZ or don’t want to use pentamidine?

A

atavaquone + proguanil

27
Q

What drugs can be used to treat roundworms?

A

Albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate or ivermectin

28
Q

What are the DOCs for roundworm infection?

A

Albendasole, mebendazole, or pyrantel pamoate

29
Q

alebendazole/mebedazole achieve success through what mechanism of action?

A

inhibit microtubule polymerzation and microtubule-dependent glucose uptake

30
Q

What is the mechanism of actio for pyrantel pamoate?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor, produces depolarizing neuromuscular blockade

31
Q

Ivermectin is effective against what parasites?

A

roundworms, insects and acarine parasites

32
Q

what is the mechanism of action for ivermectin?

A

paralytic, intensifies GABA mediated transmission of signals in peripheral nerves

33
Q

What is the DOC for tapeworms (cestodes) and flukes (trematodes)?

A

praziquantel

34
Q

What is the mechanism for action for praziquantel against tapeworms and flukes?

A

increases permeability to Ca.

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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