Antiplatelets Flashcards
What are the function of anti platelet medications?
they prevent primary haemostats (formation of a platelet plug)
they decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation
Which system are anti platelets most effective in?
Arterial circulation - because arterial clots are mainly made from platelets and only a small amount of fibrin
What are the steps of primary haemostasis?
endothelial injury
exposure (of collagen)
Adhesion (of platelets)
activation (of platelets, they release things)
aggregation (platelets bind to fibrinogen forming a platelet plug)
What are the names of anti platelet medication?
aspirin clopidogrel prasugrel cangrelor ticagrelor abciximab eptifibatide tirofiban dipyridamole
How does aspirin work?
It blocks cycloxygenase
Its a COX1 inhibitor.
What does cycloxygenase do?
It inhibits thromboxane A2 (TA2)
- which is released by active platelets to stimulate the activation of new platelets and increase platelet aggregation
What medication can be given with aspirin to reduce side effects?
PPI
gastric ulcer risk
What are the names of the ADP/P2Y12 receptor inhibitors?
Clopidogrel prasugrel ticlopidine cangrelor ticagrelor
How do the P2Y12 receptor blockers work?
They inhibit ADP from binding to the P2Y12 receptor on platelets. This prevents platelet aggregation as this requires ADP.
Which anti platelet has the same effectiveness as aspirin?
Clopidogrel
What are the risks associated with ADP/P2Y12 receptor blockers?
Thrombocytopenia purpura (bleeding under the skin)
what are the names of Glycoprotein 2B and 3A inhibitors called?
Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide
How do the glycoprotein receptor 2A and 3B inhibitors work?
They block fibrinogen from binding to these receptors on the platelets - this prevents fibrinogen from forming bridges between platelets
Which medications can be used in dual anti-platelet therapy?
Aspirin + (cangrelor, clopidegrol, prasugrel or ticagrelor)
