antiplaque/anticalculus

Question 1

according to figuero, which dentrifices were the best for GI

Answer 1

-NSSD between them
1.sodium metafluoride phosphate with zinc
2. stannous fluoride with sodium hexametaphosphate
3. triclosan

Question 2

according to figuero, which were the best for PI

Answer 2

1. chx and triclosan
2. SnF2

Question 3

according to figuero, which mouth rinses were the best

Answer 3

1. chlorhexidine (>0.10%)
2. EO
3. triclosan

Question 4

listerine MOA

Answer 4

at high concentrations they disrupt cell walls, at low concentrations they inactivate essential enzymes, anti-inflammatory action has been proposed

Question 5

classification of EO

Answer 5

anti bacterial

Question 6

ingredients of listerine

Answer 6

o Eucalyptol (0.092%)
o Menthol (0.042%)
o Methyl Salicylate (0.060%)
o Thymol (0.064%)

Question 7

chlorhexidine MOA

Answer 7

o Bisbiguanide cationic antiseptic with broad action against a wide array of bacteria including Gram-positive and negative bacteria, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
-It adsorbs to different negatively charged sites, including mucous membranes, salivary pellicle on teeth, titanium surfaces, bacteria, extracellular polysaccharides, and glycoproteins.

Question 8

is chlorhexidine bacterio cidal or static

Answer 8

Bacteriostatic at lower concentrations (low MW molecules escape from microbes); bactericidal at higher concentrations (precipitation and coagulation of proteins in the cytoplasm)

Question 9

which brands have stannous fluoride

Answer 9

Crest Pro Health
Meridol
Sensodyne repair and protect
Colgate

Question 10

classify stannous fluoride

Answer 10

Anti-cavity and anti-microbial and anti-plaque and anti-calculus

Question 11

is SnF2 effective as a dentrifice or mouthwash?

Answer 11

o Paraskevas & van der Weijden: Good evidence for stannous fluoride dentrifice, but NOT the mouthwash or the mouthwash+dentrifice

Question 12

what is SnF2 combined with?

Answer 12

o combine with SHMP - sodium hexametaphosphate - a pyrophosphate variant that was added to overcome the staining of SnF2, pyrophosphate inhibits crystal growth of calculus (ie. Anti-calculus)

Question 13

CPC – Cetylpyridinium Chloride MOA

Answer 13

o bacteriostatic and -cidal, broad spectrum of action with rapid killing of gram-positive and yeast (found in crest pro health)

Question 14

What brands have Triclosan

Answer 14

Colgate Total

Question 15

triclosan MOA

Answer 15

Bisphenol and non-ionic germicide with low toxicity and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity ; antibacterial and antifungal

Question 16

classification of triclosan

Answer 16

o Anti-microbial
o Anti-inflammatory

Question 17

what are some problems with triclosan

Answer 17

Weatherly & Gosse 2017: causes staining, carcinogen, increase spontaneous abortion rates, asthma, allergies and food sensitization, decrease newborn’s weight, length, head circumference; decrease in fertility; decreased BMI; increased total T3 levels; increased ROS, byproducts are known to exert endocrine disruptor activity

Question 18

does adding dentifrice improve mechanical removal of plaque

Answer 18

no (Valkenburg 2019)

Question 19

which have the best GI improvement according to Valkenburg 2019

Answer 19

Triclosan and stannous fluoride

Question 20

how effective is baking soda for reducing PI and GI

Answer 20

Valkenburg 2019
-A small reduction in bleeding scores can be expected from BS but NOT sig
-sig reduction for plaque scores

Question 21

how effective is L-arginine

Answer 21

He 2016:
- microbial change that shifts away from S. mutans and towards S. gordonii (less cariogenic), reducing biofilm mass, and makes the environment more neutral (less acidic).

Question 22

which brands have l-arginine

Answer 22

-Colgate

Question 23

Can you have CHX regimen without brushing?

Answer 23

Zanatta 2007:
-little antiplaque and anti-gingivitis effect on previously plaque-covered surfaces
-need biofilm disruption before the initiation of CHX mouth-rinse
-chx cannot penetrate into biofilm that deep.

Question 24

Is pre-procedural rinsing with chx effective for SRP?

Answer 24

Veksler 1991:
-Pre-rinsing with CHX reduces salivary bacterial levels in the oral cavity prior to treatment
-reduced salivary bacteria during SRP
-antimicrobial effect of CHX in saliva persisted during SRP

Question 25

according to newman 1989, how did chx affect bacterial species post-surgery?

Answer 25

At 2 weeks:
- SS increase in gram+ cocci, and SS decrease in Capnocytophaga; 85% of the plaque flora at this time was gram+ facultative bacteria (mostly cocci)

Question 26

why is chx used post sx

Answer 26

Newman 1989:
-sig reduces bacterial risk factors associated with gingival inflammation, wound healing, and periodontal disease
-younger, less mature plaque associated with clinical health.

Westfelt 1983:
-improvement in PI,GI,PD
-CHX is almost as effective as professional debridement in supragingival plaque control

Question 27

how does chx help in wound healing and dry socket post sx

Answer 27

Romero-Olid 2023:
-sig improved wound healing (1.52x)
-Improved third molar healing
-sig reduced chance of alveolar osteitis in both third molar and simple extraction
-sig reduction in erythema
-decreasing post-surgical complications
Note: 0.20% gel-form is best

Question 28

according to Tsourounakis, what dilution reduced cell migration and lead to cell death (even 7 days after initial exposure)

Answer 28

dilutions of 5% CHX

Question 29

how effective is EO for PI and GI

Answer 29

Araujo 2015:
-reduction of gingivitis by 16%
-reduction of plaque by 27.7%

Question 30

how does EO compare to floss (as an adjunct)

Answer 30

Stoeken 2007
-sig reduction in gingivitis and plaque
-NO difference in gingivitis when compared to floss
-more plaque reduction interproximally than floss

Question 31

CHX versus EO

Answer 31

Van der Weijden 2015
PI - CHX better, EO is second choice
GI - no difference

Question 32

what is effective for treating dentin hypersensitivity

Answer 32

West 2015:
-toothpastes: Arginine and Stannous fluorides toothpastes
-Professionally: resin> varnish or lasers