antiplaque/anticalculus Flashcards
according to figuero, which dentrifices were the best for GI
-NSSD between them
1.sodium metafluoride phosphate with zinc
2. stannous fluoride with sodium hexametaphosphate
3. triclosan
according to figuero, which were the best for PI
- chx and triclosan
- SnF2
according to figuero, which mouth rinses were the best
- chlorhexidine (>0.10%)
- EO
- triclosan
listerine MOA
at high concentrations they disrupt cell walls, at low concentrations they inactivate essential enzymes, anti-inflammatory action has been proposed
classification of EO
anti bacterial
ingredients of listerine
o Eucalyptol (0.092%)
o Menthol (0.042%)
o Methyl Salicylate (0.060%)
o Thymol (0.064%)
chlorhexidine MOA
o Bisbiguanide cationic antiseptic with broad action against a wide array of bacteria including Gram-positive and negative bacteria, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
-It adsorbs to different negatively charged sites, including mucous membranes, salivary pellicle on teeth, titanium surfaces, bacteria, extracellular polysaccharides, and glycoproteins.
is chlorhexidine bacterio cidal or static
Bacteriostatic at lower concentrations (low MW molecules escape from microbes); bactericidal at higher concentrations (precipitation and coagulation of proteins in the cytoplasm)
which brands have stannous fluoride
Crest Pro Health
Meridol
Sensodyne repair and protect
Colgate
classify stannous fluoride
Anti-cavity and anti-microbial and anti-plaque and anti-calculus
is SnF2 effective as a dentrifice or mouthwash?
o Paraskevas & van der Weijden: Good evidence for stannous fluoride dentrifice, but NOT the mouthwash or the mouthwash+dentrifice
what is SnF2 combined with?
o combine with SHMP - sodium hexametaphosphate - a pyrophosphate variant that was added to overcome the staining of SnF2, pyrophosphate inhibits crystal growth of calculus (ie. Anti-calculus)
CPC – Cetylpyridinium Chloride MOA
o bacteriostatic and -cidal, broad spectrum of action with rapid killing of gram-positive and yeast (found in crest pro health)
What brands have Triclosan
Colgate Total
triclosan MOA
Bisphenol and non-ionic germicide with low toxicity and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity ; antibacterial and antifungal
classification of triclosan
o Anti-microbial
o Anti-inflammatory
what are some problems with triclosan
Weatherly & Gosse 2017: causes staining, carcinogen, increase spontaneous abortion rates, asthma, allergies and food sensitization, decrease newborn’s weight, length, head circumference; decrease in fertility; decreased BMI; increased total T3 levels; increased ROS, byproducts are known to exert endocrine disruptor activity
does adding dentifrice improve mechanical removal of plaque
no (Valkenburg 2019)
which have the best GI improvement according to Valkenburg 2019
Triclosan and stannous fluoride
how effective is baking soda for reducing PI and GI
Valkenburg 2019
-A small reduction in bleeding scores can be expected from BS but NOT sig
-sig reduction for plaque scores
how effective is L-arginine
He 2016:
- microbial change that shifts away from S. mutans and towards S. gordonii (less cariogenic), reducing biofilm mass, and makes the environment more neutral (less acidic).
which brands have l-arginine
-Colgate
Can you have CHX regimen without brushing?
Zanatta 2007:
-little antiplaque and anti-gingivitis effect on previously plaque-covered surfaces
-need biofilm disruption before the initiation of CHX mouth-rinse
-chx cannot penetrate into biofilm that deep.
Is pre-procedural rinsing with chx effective for SRP?
Veksler 1991:
-Pre-rinsing with CHX reduces salivary bacterial levels in the oral cavity prior to treatment
-reduced salivary bacteria during SRP
-antimicrobial effect of CHX in saliva persisted during SRP
according to newman 1989, how did chx affect bacterial species post-surgery?
At 2 weeks:
- SS increase in gram+ cocci, and SS decrease in Capnocytophaga; 85% of the plaque flora at this time was gram+ facultative bacteria (mostly cocci)
why is chx used post sx
Newman 1989:
-sig reduces bacterial risk factors associated with gingival inflammation, wound healing, and periodontal disease
-younger, less mature plaque associated with clinical health.
Westfelt 1983:
-improvement in PI,GI,PD
-CHX is almost as effective as professional debridement in supragingival plaque control
how does chx help in wound healing and dry socket post sx
Romero-Olid 2023:
-sig improved wound healing (1.52x)
-Improved third molar healing
-sig reduced chance of alveolar osteitis in both third molar and simple extraction
-sig reduction in erythema
-decreasing post-surgical complications
Note: 0.20% gel-form is best
according to Tsourounakis, what dilution reduced cell migration and lead to cell death (even 7 days after initial exposure)
dilutions of 5% CHX
how effective is EO for PI and GI
Araujo 2015:
-reduction of gingivitis by 16%
-reduction of plaque by 27.7%
how does EO compare to floss (as an adjunct)
Stoeken 2007
-sig reduction in gingivitis and plaque
-NO difference in gingivitis when compared to floss
-more plaque reduction interproximally than floss
CHX versus EO
Van der Weijden 2015
PI - CHX better, EO is second choice
GI - no difference
what is effective for treating dentin hypersensitivity
West 2015:
-toothpastes: Arginine and Stannous fluorides toothpastes
-Professionally: resin> varnish or lasers
