Antiparasitic Drugs Flashcards
Albendazole is the DOC for which infections?
- Cutaneous larva migrans
- Cysticercosis
- Hookworms
- Roundworms
- Echinococcosis
- Toxocariasis
- Whipworms
Praziquantel is the DOC for which infections?
- Intestinal tapeworms
- Liver flukes
- Schistosomiasis
Ivermectin is the DOC for which infections?
- Onchocerciasis
- Strongyloidiasis
Pyrantel is the DOC for which infections?
- Pinworms
These are pearls for which drug?
- Bitter taste- take with water and food
- DDI with potent inducers/inhibitors of CYP450 system
- Caution in severe hepatic insufficiency
- No dose adjustment in renal insufficiency
- ADE: GI upset (usually related to antigenic response from worm burden)
Praziquantel
These are pearls for which drug?
- Poor oral absorption- active metabolite responsible for systemic activity
- Good CNS penetration (40-50%)
- Metabolism in gut epithelium and liver to active metabolite
- Risk/benefit in pregnancy
- ADE: reversible alopecia
Albendazole
These are pearls for which drug?
- Primarily relegated to GI nematodes due to poor oral absorption
- Caution in pregnancy, specifically 1st trimester
- ADE: relatively uncommon but similar to Albendazole
- Max dose= 500 mg/day
- DDI with CYP450 inducers/inhibitors
Mebendazole
Ivermectin is the DOC for?
Strongyloidiasis
Single day courses of Albendazole are effective against majority of ___________?
Soil-transmitted helminths
3 day course of Albendazole is required for __________ therapy
Whipworm
Longest tapeworm every recovered from a human?
37 feet
What is the Mazzoti Reaction?
Symptoms usually occur within 7 days of treatment
- Fever
- Urticaria
- Lymphadenopathy
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Abdominal pain
What drug is most commonly associated with Mazzoti reaction?
Ivermectin (10% rate)
Which drugs are Nitroimidazoles?
(there are 2)
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
MOA of Nitroimidazoles?
Acts as electron sink, not allowing for reduction of equivalents
Also leads to loss of intact DNA structure
