Antiparasitic Drugs Flashcards
Albendazole is the DOC for which infections?
- Cutaneous larva migrans
- Cysticercosis
- Hookworms
- Roundworms
- Echinococcosis
- Toxocariasis
- Whipworms
Praziquantel is the DOC for which infections?
- Intestinal tapeworms
- Liver flukes
- Schistosomiasis
Ivermectin is the DOC for which infections?
- Onchocerciasis
- Strongyloidiasis
Pyrantel is the DOC for which infections?
- Pinworms
These are pearls for which drug?
- Bitter taste- take with water and food
- DDI with potent inducers/inhibitors of CYP450 system
- Caution in severe hepatic insufficiency
- No dose adjustment in renal insufficiency
- ADE: GI upset (usually related to antigenic response from worm burden)
Praziquantel
These are pearls for which drug?
- Poor oral absorption- active metabolite responsible for systemic activity
- Good CNS penetration (40-50%)
- Metabolism in gut epithelium and liver to active metabolite
- Risk/benefit in pregnancy
- ADE: reversible alopecia
Albendazole
These are pearls for which drug?
- Primarily relegated to GI nematodes due to poor oral absorption
- Caution in pregnancy, specifically 1st trimester
- ADE: relatively uncommon but similar to Albendazole
- Max dose= 500 mg/day
- DDI with CYP450 inducers/inhibitors
Mebendazole
Ivermectin is the DOC for?
Strongyloidiasis
Single day courses of Albendazole are effective against majority of ___________?
Soil-transmitted helminths
3 day course of Albendazole is required for __________ therapy
Whipworm
Longest tapeworm every recovered from a human?
37 feet
What is the Mazzoti Reaction?
Symptoms usually occur within 7 days of treatment
- Fever
- Urticaria
- Lymphadenopathy
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Abdominal pain
What drug is most commonly associated with Mazzoti reaction?
Ivermectin (10% rate)
Which drugs are Nitroimidazoles?
(there are 2)
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
MOA of Nitroimidazoles?
Acts as electron sink, not allowing for reduction of equivalents
Also leads to loss of intact DNA structure
ADEs of Nitroimidazoles?
Primarily GI
Projectile vomiting reaction with alcohol
ADEs of Nitazoxanide?
Primarily GI, also can cause yellow sclera from drug deposition in the eye (looks very similar to jaundice)
What disease?
- ~1500 imported cases in the US annually
- Parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species
- Vector borne transmission via female Anopheles mosquito
- Diagnosed by smear microscopy
Malaria
What are these drugs used for?
Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Doxycycline
Atovaquone/Proguanil
Tafenoquine
Malaria prophylaxis
Casual malaria agents?
(there are 3)
Atovaquone/Proguanil
Primaquine
Tafenoquine
Block the cause of infection by inhibitng malaria replication phases
Suppressive malaria agents?
(there are 3)
Chloroquine
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Works when bugs are already active in the body –> blocks infection invasion into RBCs and ultimately the plasmodium dies
