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Pharmacology > Antiparasitic Drugs > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

3 Targets for antiparastic therapy

A

1-Enzymes or processes found only in the parasite
2-Enzymes/processes found in both host and parasite, but are indispensable only in the parasite
3-Common biochemical functions to both parasite and host, but with different pharmacological properties

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2
Q

Metronidazole is used against what?

A

Giardia, entamoeba, and trichomonas=> anaerobic dwelling protozoans

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3
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Prodrug that is reduced by PFOR=> reactive intermediates form wich bind to and disrupt protein and DNA structure/function

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4
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

headache, dry mouth, metallic taste

Disulfiram-like effect=>avoid alcohol consumption

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5
Q

Metronidazole considerations in treating trichomonas

A

Treat sexual partners simultaneously

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6
Q

Metronidazole considerations in tx of amebiasis

A

Drug of choice for treating symptomatic DZ

Follow this course with more potent luminal amebicide to eradicate non-cyst forms

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7
Q

Iodoquinol uses

A

Effective at eliminating trophozoite and cyst forms of E. histolytica from lumen of intestine

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8
Q

Iodoquinol adverse

A

Gi distrubacnes-take with food to help

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9
Q

Paromomycin MOA

A

aminoglycoside antibiotic
Eliminates both trophozoite and cyst forms of E. histolytica in the lumen of the intestine
NOT active against trophozoites that have invaded tissue

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10
Q

C. parvum/ Cryptosporidiosis tx drug

A

Nitazoxanide=>interferes with PFOR, disrupting anaerobic energy metabolism in parasite

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11
Q

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

A

Tx of choice for treating toxoplasmosis. Resistance occurs

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12
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Used to treat P. jirovecii infection. Resistance occurs

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13
Q

Chloroquine MOA

A

Unclear, interferes with ability to digest hemoglobin

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14
Q

Chloroquine side effects

A

headache/nausea/vomiting, dizziness, fatigue

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15
Q

Chloroquine spectrum

A

elimates asexual stages of all species of Plasmodium

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16
Q

Chloroquine Resistance

A

Very common via rapid efflux of drug.

When not resistant, very useful

17
Q

Quinone MOA

A

Localize at digestive vacuoles to interfere with hemoglobin degradation

18
Q

Quinone toxicity

A

Cinchonism

Hypoglycemia

19
Q

Mefloquine MOA

A

not know, but well tolerated

20
Q

Mefloquine Toxicity

A

Some reports demonstrate neuropsychiatric problems to this drug=>hallucinations, delusions, etc.

21
Q

Primaquine MOA

A

Thought to interfere with mitochondrial ETC=> only drug available that has activity against the liver forms of P. vivax and P. ovale

22
Q

Primaquine toxicity

A

hemolytic anemia in pts with G6PD=> screen pts for this deficiency before treatment

23
Q

Malarone use

A

Tx of P. falciparum malaria and as prophylaxis

24
Q

Malarone is a combination of what two drugs

A

Atovaquone-MOA unknown

Proguanil-Inhibits DHFR

25
Q

Doxycycline MOA

A

Disrupts protein synthesis in Plasmodium, used for prophylaxis not for treatment

26
Q

Artemisinin Derivatives used in tx of?

A

P. falciparum infections

27
Q

Benzimidazole drug list

A

Albendazole, Mebendazole, Thiabendazole

28
Q

Benzimidazole toxicity

A

Thiabendazole: GI and CNS
Albendazole and Mebendazole: Primarily GI
Do NOT give them to pregnant pts or children under 2

29
Q

Benzimidazole clinical use

A

Albendazole and Mebendazole=> ascariasis, pinworm, hookworm, and whipworm
Thiabendazole=> second line in tx of strongyloidiasis
-Topical preparation in tx of cutaneous larval migrans

30
Q

Ivermectin MOA

A

Hyperpolarization in muscle cells=>paralysis
NO EFFECT on mammalian cells
Used in treating intestinal and extraintestinal cells

31
Q

Ivermectin uses

A

Drug of choice for tx of strongyloidiasis

ALso used in tx of tissue dwelling nematodes including river blindness, eye worm, and filarial worms

32
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate MOA

A

activates cholinergic nicotnic receptors in teh somatic muscles of nematodes=>paralyzes the parasite. No effect on humans

33
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate uses

A

Drug of choice for tx of pinworm=> treat the entire household

34
Q

Praziquantel MOA

A

increases Ca2+ permeability of worm’s tegument, causing depolariztion=>increased immune detection

35
Q

Praziquantel uses

A

Drug of choice for treating nearly all infections caused by tapeworms and flukes

36
Q

Praziquantel dosage

A

Flukes: Three doses in a single day
Tapeworms: A single dose
Cysticercosis: two weeks treatment

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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