Antioxidants and Radical Scavengers

Question 1

What is the product of purine metabolism?

Answer 1

uric acid

Question 2

True or false urate can be reduced by vitamin C?

Answer 2

true

But cannot reduce E

Question 3

What are the two endogenous antioxidants discussed in class?

Answer 3

uric acid and coenzyme Q

Question 4

T or F, uric acid can not bind transition metals?

Answer 4

False, binds transition metals that may initiate LDL oxidation

Question 5

Where is uric acid present in the body?

Answer 5

body fluids

Question 6

Where is coenzyme Q present?

Answer 6

In every membrane of all the cells in the body

Question 7

What is CoQ job in respiratory chain?

Answer 7

electron carrier

Question 8

What is important about CoQ dietary uptake?

Answer 8

it is limited

Question 9

Is CoQ an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

Can CoQ regenerate vitamin E like Vitamin C does?

Answer 10

yes can regenerate vit E

Question 11

What is the reduced form of CoQ

Answer 11

quinol form, this can be better absorbed

Question 12

What effect does CoQ have on oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA?

Answer 12

Prevents oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Also protects LDL from oxidation.

Question 13

Do blood levels of CoQ reflect tissue levels?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

How does CoQ exert anti-inflammatory effects?

Answer 14

by influencing gene expression

Question 15

What is the correlation between CoQ and nitric oxide

Answer 15

NO is stimulated by CoQ

Question 16

What are phytochemicals?

Answer 16

Bioactive compounds derived from plants

Question 17

What effect do plant-dervied phenolic compounds have in our body?

Answer 17

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer

Question 18

The chemical structure of phenolics contain?

Answer 18

One or more aromatic rings with one or more hydroxyl groups.

Question 19

How does the number of hydroxyl groups in phenolic change the antioxidant capacity?

Answer 19

The more hydroxyl groups the more antioxidant capacity.

Question 20

Is curcumin a phenolic?

Answer 20

Yes, it is the yellow color of turmeric from fat-soluble phenolics.

Question 21

What does it mean when it say that the bioavailability is low for curcumin?

Answer 21

Tend not to be absorbed very well from plant sources.

Question 22

How does curcumin express anti-inflammatory properties?

Answer 22

Inhibits phospholipase A2, COX-2, 5-LOX in cultured cells.

Question 23

What are three key points about polyphenol Flavonoids?

Answer 23

There are 4000 naturally occurring types, are not produced in the body, occur free or conjugated to a sugar.

Question 24

What type of plant-based antioxidant is Quercetin?

Answer 24

flavonol and most likely found as a glycoside, is al so the most abundant flavonoid

Question 25

Where can you find Quercetin?

Answer 25

Brassica vegetables, red onions, apples, berries, caper and more

Question 26

What is special about Quercetin and ROS?

Answer 26

Can be a donor and an acceptor, can become ROS generator and supporter. Can produce ROS or be a scavenger.

Question 27

Which flavonoid is responsible for lush red color in raspberries?

Answer 27

anthocyanidins