Antioxidants and Radical Scavengers Flashcards
What is the product of purine metabolism?
uric acid
True or false urate can be reduced by vitamin C?
true
But cannot reduce E
What are the two endogenous antioxidants discussed in class?
uric acid and coenzyme Q
T or F, uric acid can not bind transition metals?
False, binds transition metals that may initiate LDL oxidation
Where is uric acid present in the body?
body fluids
Where is coenzyme Q present?
In every membrane of all the cells in the body
What is CoQ job in respiratory chain?
electron carrier
What is important about CoQ dietary uptake?
it is limited
Is CoQ an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant?
yes
Can CoQ regenerate vitamin E like Vitamin C does?
yes can regenerate vit E
What is the reduced form of CoQ
quinol form, this can be better absorbed
What effect does CoQ have on oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA?
Prevents oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Also protects LDL from oxidation.
Do blood levels of CoQ reflect tissue levels?
no
How does CoQ exert anti-inflammatory effects?
by influencing gene expression
What is the correlation between CoQ and nitric oxide
NO is stimulated by CoQ
What are phytochemicals?
Bioactive compounds derived from plants
What effect do plant-dervied phenolic compounds have in our body?
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer
The chemical structure of phenolics contain?
One or more aromatic rings with one or more hydroxyl groups.
How does the number of hydroxyl groups in phenolic change the antioxidant capacity?
The more hydroxyl groups the more antioxidant capacity.
Is curcumin a phenolic?
Yes, it is the yellow color of turmeric from fat-soluble phenolics.
What does it mean when it say that the bioavailability is low for curcumin?
Tend not to be absorbed very well from plant sources.
How does curcumin express anti-inflammatory properties?
Inhibits phospholipase A2, COX-2, 5-LOX in cultured cells.
What are three key points about polyphenol Flavonoids?
There are 4000 naturally occurring types, are not produced in the body, occur free or conjugated to a sugar.
What type of plant-based antioxidant is Quercetin?
flavonol and most likely found as a glycoside, is al so the most abundant flavonoid
Where can you find Quercetin?
Brassica vegetables, red onions, apples, berries, caper and more
What is special about Quercetin and ROS?
Can be a donor and an acceptor, can become ROS generator and supporter. Can produce ROS or be a scavenger.
Which flavonoid is responsible for lush red color in raspberries?
anthocyanidins
