Antineoplastics Flashcards by Samantha Engle

Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Nitrogen mustards
Alkylating agents
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Ifosfamide

A

Nitrogen mustards
Alkylating agents
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Mechlorethamine

A

Nitrogen mustards
Alkylating agents
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Melphalan

A

Nitrogen mustards
Alkylating agents
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Chlorambucil

A

Nitrogen mustards
Alkylating agents
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Procarbazine

A

Methylhydrazine derivative
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Busulfan

A

Alkyl sulfonate
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Carmustine

A

Nitrosureas
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Streptozocin

A

Nitrosureas
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Bendamustine

A

Nitrosureas
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Dacarbazine

A

Triazene
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Temozolomide

A

Triazene
Alkylating agent
covalent linkages DNA&raquo_space;inter/intrastrand crosslinking
CCNS

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Q

Cisplatin

A

Platinum coordination complexes
Not really an alkylating agent, forms covalent bonds with DNA
CCNS

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Q

Carboplatin

A

Platinum coordination complexes
Not really an alkylating agent, forms covalent bonds with DNA
CCNS

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Q

Oxaliplatin

A

Platinum coordination complexes
Not really an alkylating agent, forms covalent bonds with DNA
CCNS

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Q

Methotrexate

A

Folic acid analog
Inhibits DHF reductase&raquo_space; nonthymidylate or purine nucleotide synthesis
CCS- S phase

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Q

Pemetrexed

A

Folic acid analog
Inhibits DHF reductase&raquo_space; no thymidylate or purine nucleotide synthesis
CCS- S phase

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Q

Fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Pyrimidine analog
Prodrug, blocks thymidylate synthetase&raquo_space; no thymidylate synthesis. Active compounds incorporated into DNA and RNA&raquo_space; no DNA synthesis, no RNA processing, no translation
CCS- S phase

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Q

Capecitabine

A

Pyrimidine analog

CCS- S phase

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Q

Cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine analog
Inhibits DNA polymerase alpha and beta, blocks DNA synthesis and repair, incorporates into DNA and interferes with chain elongation and ligation
CCS- S phase

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Q

Gemcitabine

A

Pyrimidine analog

CCS- S phase

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Q

5-aza-cytidine

A

Pyrimidine analog

CCS- S phase

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Q

Deoxy-5-aza-cytabine

A

Pyrimidine analog

CCS- S phase

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Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Pentostatin

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Fludarabine

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Clofarabine

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Nelarabine

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Thioguanine (6-TG)

A

Purine analog
Incorporated into triphosphates&raquo_space;inhibits purine, DNA, RNA synthesis
CCS-S phase

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Q

Vinblastine

A

Vinca alkaloid
Natural product
Binds B tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly, destabilize
CCS-M phase

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Q

Vincristine

A

Vinca alkaloid
Natural product
Binds B tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly, destabilize
CCS-M phase

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Q

Vinorelbine

A

Vinca alkaloid
Natural product
Binds B tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly, destabilize
CCS-M phase

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Q

Paclitaxel

A

Taxane
Natural product
Binds B tubulin and promotes microtubule formation and stabilization
CCS-M phase

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Q

Docetaxel

A

Taxane
Natural product
Binds B tubulin and promotes microtubule formation and stabilization
CCS-M phase

Q

Etoposide

A

Epipodophyllotoxin
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase II&raquo_space; DNA damage by strand breakage
CCS- G2-S Phase

Q

Teniposide

A

Epipodophyllotoxin
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase II&raquo_space; DNA damage by strand breakage
CCS- G2-S Phase

Q

Topotecan

A

Camptothecin
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase I&raquo_space; DNA damage and block replication and transcription
CCS

Q

Irinotecan

A

Camptothecin
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase I&raquo_space; DNA damage and block replication and transcription
CCS

Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anthracycline
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase II, intercalates DNA and blocks synthesis of DNA and RNA, generates O2 free radicals, alter cell membrane fluidity
CCNS

Q

Daunorubicin

A

Anthracycline
Natural product
Inhibits topoisomerase II, intercalates DNA and blocks synthesis of DNA and RNA, generates O2 free radicals, alter cell membrane fluidity
CCNS

Q

Dactinomycin

A

Antibiotic
Natural product
Binds double strand DNA and intercalates between G-C base pairs, prevents transcription
CCNS

Q

Bleomycin

A

Anthracenedione
Natural product
Binds DNA&raquo_space; double and single strand breaks, prevents DNA synthesis
CCS- G2 phase

Q

Mitoxantrone

A

Anthracenedione

Natural product

Q

Mitomycin

A

Anthracenedione

Natural product

Q

Yondelis

A

Echinocandin

Natural product

Q

L-Asparaginase

A

Enzyme
Natural product
Hydrolyzes asparagine >> no protein synthesis in cells that can't make their own asparagine
Active against ALL
CCS-G1

Q

Pegaspargase

A

Enzyme
Natural product
Hydrolyzes asparagine >> no protein synthesis in cells that can't make their own asparagine
Active against ALL
CCS-G1

Q

Hydroxyurea

A

Substituted urea
Inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase&raquo_space; can’t make deoxyribonucelotides
CCS- S phase

Q

Tretinoin

A

Differentiating agent
All trans retinoic acid
Binds nuclear receptors&raquo_space; granulocyte differentiation
Active against Acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15:17)
CCNS

Q

Arsenic Trioxide

A

Differentiating agent
Unknown MOA, degrades PML/RAR alpha chimeric protein and induces apoptosis using caspase and cytochrome C activation
Active against Acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15:17)
CCNS

Q

Vorinostat

A

Histone deacetylase inhibitor
Differentiating agent
Alterations in chromatin structure and transcription factor activation&raquo_space; cell death
CCNS

Q

Interferon alpha

A

Biological response modifier
Inhibit cell growth, alter differentiation, interferes with oncogene expression, alters cell surface Ag expression, increases phagocytic activity of macrophages, augments cytotoxic lymphocytes
CCNS

Q

Interleukin 2

A

Biological response modifier
Proliferation of activated T cells, secretion of cytokines from NKs and monocytes&raquo_space; increased cytotoxic killing by T cells and NK cell
CCNS

Q

Thalidomide

A

Immunomodulator
Anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory, inhibits TNF alpha signaling
CCNS

Q

Lenalidomide

A

Immunomodulator
Anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory, inhibits TNF alpha signaling
CCNS

Q

Leucovorin

A

Methotrexate rescue

Q

Mesna

A

Cyclophosphamide recue bladder

Q

Sargramostim

A

GMCSF

Q

Filgrastim

A

GCSF

Q

Pegfilgrastim

A

GCSF

Q

Oprelvekin

A

IL-11, thrombopoietic

Q

Erythropoietin

A

Erythropoiesis

Q

Darbepoeitin

A

Erythropoiesis

Q

Ondansetron

A

Serotonin antagonist

Q

Imatinib

A

BCR-ABL

also PDGFR, cKit, stem cell factor

Q

Dasatinib

A

BCR-ABL

also Src, cKit, PDGFR

Q

Nilotinib

A

BCR-ABL

also cKit, PDGFR

Q

Gefitinib

A

EGFR

Q

Erlotinib

A

EGFR

Q

Sorafenib

A

multikinase inhibitor

RAF kinases and cell surface kinase receptors

Q

Sunitinib

A

multikinase inhibitor

RAF kinases and cell surface kinase receptors

Q

Lapatinib

A

Her2/Neu internal domain

Q

Bortezomib

A

Proteosome inhibitor

Q

Temsirolimus

A

mTOR inhibitor

Immunosuppresant, inhibit cell cycle and angiogenesis, promotes apoptosis

Q

Everolimus

A

mTOR inhibitor

Immunosuppresant, inhibit cell cycle and angiogenesis, promotes apoptosis

Q

Rituximab

A

CD20

B lymphocytes

Q

Alemtuzumab

A

CD52

B and T lymphocytes, NKs, monocytes, macrophages, come granulocytes

Q

Gemtuzumab

A

CD33
internalization of antibody +ozogamicin&raquo_space; DNA ds breaks and cell death
Leukemic blast cells

Q

Trastuzumab

A

Her2/Neu

Q

Ibritumomab

A

CD20

Combined with a chelator, acts as delivery of radioactive isotopes to cancer cells

Q

Tositumomab

A

CD20

Combined with a chelator, acts as delivery of radioactive isotopes to cancer cells

Q

Cetuximab

A

EGFR

Q

Bevacizumab

A

VEGF