Antineoplastics Flashcards
4 cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Surgery
Alternatives (palliative, homeopathic, etc)
Difference between CCS and CCNS therapies
Cell cycle specific therapies need to be given at a specific time in the cell cycle to be most effective
5 reasons for combo chemo
Different MOA, increased percentage of cells killed, allows for lower doses of each med, reduced side effects, slows resistance
Chemo patient education (3)
Importance of schedule
Chemo works better if well nourished
Prevent infections
Goals of chemotherapy (2)
Total cure
Palliation
What do you do before administering every dose of chemotherapy?
Obtain accurate weight
You respond to call light of patient on chemo and find a puddle on the floor, what do you do?
Initiate hazmat protocol, cannot clean up without special training
Precautions taken when administering chemotherapy
PPE: gown, chemo-safe gloves, mask, goggles
What types of cells does chemo affect?
Fast growing/multiplying
GI, hair follicles, bone marrow (cell creation)
Nadir
The point a few weeks into therapy when a patients white count is essentially depleted
Common labs to watch with cancer treatment
WBC CBC Plt Uric acid Electrolytes (esp. hyperCa, hypoMg)
GI affects of chemo
N/V/D/C
Anorexia
Mucositis
Tamoxifen
Antiestrogen
Treats estrogen dependent tumors, causes a pseudomenopause
Adverse effects: hot flashes, fatigue, irregular menses
T or F.
Estrogen slows the growth of prostatic cancer.
True
T or F.
Androgens may be given to premenopausal women to treat breast cancer.
True
Mustard gas derivatives example
Cyclophosphamide
Cytoxan
What is a vesicant?
Damaging to tissue if it leaks or extravasates
Patient education with cyclophosphamide
Increases fluid intake to 2-3L per day to dilate urine and protect bladder
Report hematuria
Methotrexate common toxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Doxorubicin common toxicity
Cardiotoxicity
Max lifetime dose 550 mg/m^2
Vincristrine adverse effects and toxicity
Reversible and irreversible neurotoxicity
Damages peripheral nerve fibers
Traditional chemo agents (5)
Alkylating agents Antimetabolites Antitumor antibiotics Plant alkaloids Hormonal agents
Targeted chemotherapies(3)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Multikinase inhibitors
Vascular endothelial grow factor/receptor inhibitors
Biological response modifiers (4)
Interferons
Colony stimulating factors
Interleukins
Keratinocyte growth factor
