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Pharmacology II > Antineoplastic Agents > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What characterizes drugs that are cell cycle specific?

A

They affect one phase (ex. G0, G1, S, G2, M,)

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2
Q

What characterizes drugs that are cell cycle non-specific?

A

They may affect any/all phases of the cell cycle

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3
Q

Be able to describe the phases of carcinogenesis.

A

Pathogenesis, transformation, proliferation, metastasis

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4
Q

Antimetabolites: purine antagonist

A

mercaptopurine (Purinethol), inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, cell-cycle specific = S phase

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5
Q

Antimetabolites: folic acid antagonist

A

inhibit DNA synthesis, *methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall), cell-cycle specific = S phase

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6
Q

Antimetabolites: pyrimidine antagonist

A

fluorouracil (Adrucil) “5-FU”, cytarabine (Cytosar-U) “Ara-C”, cell-cycle specific = S phase

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7
Q

What are some key examples of antimetabolites?

A

folic acid antagonists, purine antagonists, pyrimidine antagonists

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8
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of antimetabolites.

A

S phase specific and interfere with growth of rapidly proliferating cells

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9
Q

What are some key examples of alkylating agents?

A

*cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-a crossover drug also used for autoimmune disease, ifosfamide (Ifex) = nitrogen mustard, procarbazine (Matulane)

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10
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of alkylating agents

A

transfer alkyl groups (alkylate DNA, interfere with DNA, RNA and proteins to prevent cell metabolism and division) *cell-cycle non-specific

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11
Q

What are some key examples of platinum complexes?

A

carboplatin (Paraplatin), cisplatin (Platinol)-look for “plat” in name

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12
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of platinum complexes

A

inhibit DNA synthesis and repair

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13
Q

What are some key examples of vinca alkyloids?

A

vinblastine (Valban) and vincristine (Oncovin)-look for “vin” in name

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14
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of vinca alkyloids

A

inhibit mitotic division by interfering w/microtubular proteins involved in formation of spindles, M&S phases (cell cycle specific)

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15
Q

What are some key examples of hormonal agents used as antineoplastics?

A

estrogens, androgens, progestins, glucocorticoids: prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Sterapred)

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16
Q

What is tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

A

hormonal agent used as an antineoplastic that is an estrogen blocker effective in G0 and G1 phases.

17
Q

What are some key examples of antibiotics used as antineoplastics?

A

bleomycin (Blenoxane), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome) = HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma

18
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of antibiotics used as antineoplastics

A

bind with DNA to inhibit cell division and are most effective for solid mass tumors

19
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of hormonal agents used as antineoplastics

A

hormones interupt cells in G phase and cause a reduction in amount of circulating hormones

20
Q

Identify the mechanism of action of chemotherapy.

A

Most chemo agents interfere with cell proliferation and are relatively selective against cancer cells (most susceptible when actively going through the cell cycle)

21
Q

What drug fits the classic model for teratogenesis AND has indications for multiple myeloma and AIDS-related apthous lesions?

A

thalidomide (Thalomid)

22
Q

What antineoplastic antibiotic is used for HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome)

23
Q

What is p53?

A

A transcription factor that acts as a tumor suppressor and regulates the cell cycle (when it is damaged, tumor suppression is severely reduced)

24
Q

Why is combination chemotherapy important?

A

It offers synergistic benefits and typically utilizes intermittent dosing and increases efficacy and decreases cell resistance

25
Q

Discuss common side effects associated with antineoplastic agents.

A

suppression of bone marrow, GI disturbances, dermatological reactions, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immune dificiencies, infertility

26
Q

What are some common oral side effects associated with antineoplastic agents?

A

oral mucositis, candidiasis, black hairy tongue, viral (herpetic) lesions

27
Q

What are recommend dental drugs for the management of oral side effects associated with antineoplastic medications?

A

fluoride, antifungals, antivirals, antimicrobial mouthrinses or dentifrices

Pharmacology II (13 decks)

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