Antimycobacterial Therapy

Question 1

Rifamycin

Answer 1

Inhibits RNA synthesis by targeting RNA polymerase; first line drugs

Question 2

Pyrazinamide

Answer 2

Inhibits protein synthesis in dormant bacteria; most likely has other targets; first line drugs

Question 3

Ethambutol

Answer 3

First line drug; inhibits cell wall synthesis (arabinogalactan synthesis)

Question 4

Isoniazid

Answer 4

First line drug; inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

Question 5

Ethonamide(ETH)

Answer 5

Interferes w/ cell wall biosynthesis; Prodrug activated by EthA; active drug targets FAS-II and inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

Question 6

para-aminosalicyclic acid (PAS)

Answer 6

Bacteriostatic; short half life 10-12g/dose; GI effects; active drug inhibits dihydrofolate synthesis

Question 7

D-cycloserine

Answer 7

Looks like D-alanine; competitively inhibits alanie racemase and D-alanine ligase; serious side effects: dose related CNS toxicity

Question 8

Streptomycin

Answer 8

Aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal \; 2nd line anti-TB; Tx: life threatening TB forms and drug resistant Mycobacteria bacteria; does not cross mammalian cell membrane

Question 9

Amikacin/kanamycin & Capreomycin

Answer 9

Use for stains resistant to streptomycin; ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity