Antimycobacterial Drugs Flashcards
What is the classification of antimycobacterial agents based on?
Antimycobacterial agents can be classified based on Mechanism of Action and Potency.
What are the mechanisms of action for antimycobacterial agents?
Antimycobacterial agents can kill or inhibit the growth of Mycobacteria by targeting vital processes such as cell wall formation, protein synthesis, DNA/RNA production, energy generation, and folic acid synthesis.
What are cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors include Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Ethionamide, and Cycloserine.
What are cell membrane disruptors?
Clofazimine is a cell membrane disruptor.
What are RNA synthesis inhibitors?
RNA synthesis inhibitors include Rifamycins, Rifampicin, Rifapentine, and Rifabutin.
What are DNA synthesis inhibitors?
Fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are DNA synthesis inhibitors.
What are protein synthesis inhibitors?
Protein synthesis inhibitors include Oxazolidinones (e.g., Linezolid), Aminoglycosides (e.g., Amikacin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin), Capreomycin, and Macrolides (e.g., Azithromycin, Clarithromycin).
What are folate synthesis inhibitors?
Folate synthesis inhibitors include Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and Dapsone.
What are cellular energetics inhibitors?
Cellular energetics inhibitors include Pyrazinamide, which disrupts membrane transport, and Bedaquiline, which inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase.
How are antituberculosis agents classified based on potency?
Antituberculosis agents are classified into 5 groups based on WHO classification.
What drugs are in Group 1 of antituberculosis agents?
Group 1 includes Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Ethambutol (E), and Pyrazinamide (Z).
What drugs are in Group 2 of antituberculosis agents?
Group 2 includes Streptomycin (S), Kanamycin (Km), Amikacin (Am), Capreomycin (Cm), and Viomycin (Vi).
What drugs are in Group 3 of antituberculosis agents?
Group 3 includes Ciprofloxacin (Cfx), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Levofloxacin (Lfx), Moxifloxacin (Mfx), and Gatifloxacin (Gfx).
What drugs are in Group 4 of antituberculosis agents?
Group 4 includes Ethionamide (Eto), Protionamide (Pto), Cycloserine (Cs), Terizidone (Trd), P-aminosalicylic acid, and Thioacetazone (Th).
What drugs are in Group 5 of antituberculosis agents?
Group 5 includes Clofazimine (Cfz), Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Amx/Clv), Clarithromycin (Clr), and Linezolid (Lzd).
What are the three classifications of drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis?
The three classifications are First-line anti-TB drugs, Second-line anti-TB drugs, and Third-line anti-TB drugs.
What are examples of first-line anti-TB drugs?
Examples include Rifampicin (RIF or R), Isoniazid (INH or H), Pyrazinamide (PZA or Z), Ethambutol (EMB or E), and Streptomycin (SM or S).
Mnemonic: RIPES.
a.What are second line anti TB drugs used for?
b. List the broad examples of second line anti TB drugs
a.They are used for treating TB that are resistant to the first line of treatment.
b. • Injectable Second line TB drugs,
• Fluoroquinolones
• Less effective Second line
Examples of injectable second line TB drugs?
Examples include amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin.
Examples of Fluoroquinolones used as second line TB drugs?
Examples include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
What are less effective second line TB drugs?
Examples include P-aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, ethionamide, prothionamide, and terizidone.
Examples of Third-line anti-TB drugs?
✓Clofazimine
✓Linezolid
✓Augmentin
✓Imipenem
✓Clarithromycin
✓Rifabutin
What are the first line TB drugs used for???
First-line anti-TB drugs
are used for the treatment of drug-susceptible TB.
State the example of first line anti TB drugs
Examples include;
✓Rifampicin (RIF or R)
✓ Isoniazid (INH or H)
✓ Pyrazinamide (PZA or Z)
✓ Ethambutol (EMB or E)
✓ Streptomycin (SM or S)
