Antimicrobials - Use/activity ---> Drug/Class Flashcards
Streptococci, Nieserria, oral anaerobes
Penicillins
Methicillin sensitive staphylococci
nafcillin
G+ not staph and some G-
Amino penicillins (ampicillin)
Broad-spectrum G+ organisms; G - organisms including Pseudomonas not staph
Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin)
expand the activity of ampiamox/piperacillin and ticarcillin to include anerobes and more G- and methicillin sens. Staph.
Clavulanic acid (Beta lactamase inhibitors)
Good for G+ organisms many G- no cns penetration
Cefazolin (1st gen Ceph)
Some anaerobic activity better at G-
Cefuroxime (2nd gen Ceph)
Active against Pseudomonas ; broader G- activity penetrate CNS ; less G+ activity
Ceftriaxone (3rd gen Ceph)
Broadest specturm ceph ; nosocomial G- org. and G+ Cocci including meth. send. staph
Cefepime (4th gen Ceph)
Aerobic G- bacilli ( those with serious penicillin allergy)
Aztreobactam
VERY broad spectrum ; many G- ; resistant nosocomial, some enterococi, MSSA, anaerobes
Imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem
Coag +/- Staph and other gram + bacteria
Vanco
G+ including MRSA and non-faecalis VRE
Quinupristin-dalfopristin
Coag +/- staph other G+ including glycopeptide resistant enterococci
Daptomycin
Coag +/- staph other G+ including glycopeptide resistant enterococci and NOCARDIA
Linezoled
G- bacilli , almonella , Pneumocystis Jirovecii, Nocardia
TMP/SMX
Broad spectrum including legionella ; strept or anaerobes
Cipro/levo/moxifloxacin
Anaerobes ; Giardia, Trichomonas , C. Diff
Metronidazole
TB ; meningococcal and H ingluenzae prophylaxis
Rifampin
G- bacilli ; no activity in anaerobic conditions
aminoglycosides
Broad spectru ; Salmonella anaerobes , rickettsia , brucella , bartonella, bu limited due to toxicity
Chloramphenicol
Anaerobes; G- cocci
Clindamycin
Broad Spectrum ; spirochetes and rickettsia
Tetracyclines
broad spectrum , MRSA anaerobes , G-
Tigecycline
G + cocci , Legionella, Mycoplasma
Erythromycin
mycobacteria and toxo due to high IC conc.
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
enhanced towards G- ; macrolide resistant Strepto. Pneumo. ; MRSA
Telithromycin
candidiasis ; if + ampho then cryptococcus
Flucytosine
Mucosal candidiasis, pulmonary histoplasmosis
Ketoconazole
Histo and Blasto
Itraconazole
Candidiasis, cryptococcosis , coccidioidomycosis
Fluconazole
invasive aspergillosis, fusarium and scedosporium , empiric for febrile neutropenia
Voriconazole
prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in Icomp pt. ; zygomycoses, reractory candida
Posaconazole
candida, invasive aspergillosis
Caspofungin
Eso. Candida, prophy of invasive candida in BM transplant , empiric in febrile neutropenia
MIcafungin
candidemia, eso candida, systemic candida
Anidulafungin
HSV ecephalitis ; herpes zoster
acyclovir
HSV, zoster
Famciclovir
CMV/HSV
Fanciclovir, valgan- , foscarnet and Cidofovir
Influenza A tx and prophylaxia
Amantadine, rimantadine
Influenza A and B
Zanamavir and Oseltamavir
RSV, Hepatitis C i + IFN alpha
Ribavirin
IFN alpha
Hep B and C
Entecavir
Hep B