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Fall 2020 - Pharmacology 2 > Antimicrobials - Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Antimicrobials - Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Abx are Narrow-Spectrum?

A

PCN

Erythromycin

Clindamycin

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2
Q

What is the Post Antibiotic Effect?

A

The continued supression of Bacterial Growth even when the Abx is no longer detectable d/t Bacteria being weaker to leukocytes

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3
Q

What are some Bacterial Alterations that make them Resistant?

A

Decreased Abx Permeability

Increased Efflux Pumps

Abx Inactivation

Modify Abx

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4
Q

What are the treatments for C. Diff?

A

Oral Vanco

Fidaxomicin

Fecal Transplant

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5
Q

What is a Class I Wound?

A

Clean

Atraumatic

No Sterile Break

No Respiratory, GI, or GU Entry

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6
Q

What is a Class II Wound?

A

Clean-Contaminated

Surgery in Areas known to have Bacteria

No Spillage of Contents

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7
Q

What is a Class III Wound?

A

Contaminated

Major Sterile Break

Traumatic Wound Surgery

GI Spillage

Infected Billiary or GU Entry

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8
Q

What is a Class IV Wound?

A

Dirty-Infected

Pre-Existing Infection before Surgery

Old Wound

Perforated Viscera

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9
Q

What is the most common bacteria for Clean Wounds?

A

Staphylococcal

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10
Q

What is the problem with providing Prophylaxis for Fungal Infection?

A

No proven efficacy of prophylaxis

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11
Q

How should Ancef and Vanco be given as prophylaxis regarding timing?

A

Ancef: Within 60 minutes before incision

Vanco: Within 120 minutes before incision

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12
Q

What was found in the JAMA research about Abx Prophylaxis duration?

A

Longer Abx Duration = MORE C. Diff & AKI, but no additional SSI reduction

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13
Q

How do Beta Lactams work?

A

Binds to PCN Binding Protein and weakens Cell Wall

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14
Q

Which Abx are Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors?

A

Sulbactam

Tazobactam

Clavulanic Acid

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15
Q

Which Abx carries the highest risk for causing C. Diff?

A

Clindamycin

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16
Q

What do Oxacillin, Nafcillin, and Dicloxacillin cover?

A

Staph

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17
Q

How do Cephalosporins compare to PCNs?

A

Same MOA, but less susceptible to Penicillinases

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18
Q

What are Cephalexin & Cefazolin (1st Gen) used for?

A

MSSA

Staph

Strep

E Coli

Klebsiella

Salmonella

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19
Q

What is the advantage of using Cefazolin & Cephalexin?

A

Generally Safe

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20
Q

Cephalexin & Cefazolin have no effect against _______

A

Cephalexin & Cefazolin have no effect against H. Influenzae & Enteroccoi

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21
Q

What are Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, & Cefoxitin (2nd Gen) used for?

A

H. Influenzae

Enterobacter

Nesseria

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22
Q

How do 2nd Gen Cephalosporins compare to 1st Gen?

A

Also safe, but has less Gram Positive coverage than 1st Gen

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23
Q

What are Ceftazidime & Cefoperazone (3rd Gen) used for?

A

Anti-Pseudomonal

CNS Coverage (Ex: Meningitis)

Crosses BBB

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24
Q

Which Cephalosporin has the MOST Gram Negative coverage and destroys everything including Pseudomonas?

A

Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - 3rd Gen

25
Which Cephalosporin has the Good Gram Positive coverage (less than 1st Gen), but does not cover any Gram Negative like Pseudomonas?
Ceftriaxone
26
What are some concerns with using Ceftriaxone?
Diarrhea Billiary Sludging Incompatible w/ Calcium
27
What is Ceftaroline (Teflaro) (5th Gen) used for?
Gram Postive; MRSA Broad Spectrum
28
What is the treatment of choice for ESBLs?
Carbapenems
29
Which class of Abx has a high risk for Seizures?
Carbapenems - (Primaxin)
30
How does Vanco work?
Stop cell wall synthesis via Peptidoglycan Inhibition
31
What are the Adverse Effects of Vanco?
Red Man Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity
32
How does Linezolid work?
Binds to 50s Ribsome to stop Protein Synthesis
33
What are adverse effects of Linezolid?
Serotonin Syndrome & Myelosupression
34
How do Macrolides work?
Same of Linezolid - Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit to stop Protein Synthesis
35
What is Azithromycin used for?
Gram Positives Respiratory Infections H. Pylori Staph
36
What is the concern when using Azithromycin & Clarithromycin?
Prolonged QT & Torsades Drug Interactions (Azithromycin is Preferred)
37
What is the main concern with using Erythromycin?
Significant GI Toxicity
38
Which drugs are Macrolides?
Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin
39
How do Fluoroquinolones work?
Stops DNA Synthesis & Supercoiling
40
What are the safety concerns related to Fluoroquinolones?
Many Drug Interactions Achilles Tendonitis & Rupture QT Prolongation Hypoglycemia Neuro Effects
41
What is unique about Delafloxacin as a Fluoroquinolone?
Covers MRSA and NOT associated w/ Prolonged QT or Photosensitivty
42
How do Tetracyclines work?
Binds to 30s Ribosome to stop Protein Synthesis
43
What are the adverse effects of Tetracyclines?
Lots of Photosensitivty Bone Issues in Preggos & Kids Tooth Discoloration Enamel Hypoplasia Liver Toxicity
44
How do Aminoglycosides work?
Binds to 30S Ribosome to disrupt mRNA translations & Inteferes w/ Ca & Mg to damage cell wall
45
What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxic Ototoxic Prolonged Neuro Muscular Block
46
How does Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) work?
Stops Folic Acid synthesis to starve Bacteria so they cant make DNA
47
What are the adverse effects of Bactrim?
Pancytopenia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Steven-Johnsons
48
What is Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) used for?
Urinary Pathogens
49
What are the adverse effects of Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)?
Confusion Neuropathy Lung Problems Blood Problems Liver Damage
50
What is Clindamycin used for?
Gut Anaerobes MRSA
51
How does Metronidazole (Flagyl) work?
Breaks DNA & Unwides Helix to kill the cell
52
What are the adverse effects of Metronidazole (Flagyl)?
Pancreatitis Neuropathy Ataxia Confusion Tremors
53
Which Abx are safe for Preggos?
PCN Cephalosporins Erythromycin
54
For Preggos, which Abx should only be used if necessary?
Aminoglycosides & Isoniazid
55
Which Abx should be AVOIDED in Preggos because it can hurt the fetus?
Flagyl Ticarcillin Rifampin Trimethroprim FQs Tetracyclines
56
What happens when Tetracyline is given to Preggos?
Fatty Necrotic Liver Pancreatitis Renal Damage
57
What are the adverse effects of Antivirals?
Hallucinations Tremors Kidney Stones
58
What are the concerns with Antifungals?
Renal Failure Infusion Rxns HypoK HypoMag Drug Interactions for -azoles Liver Damage

Fall 2020 - Pharmacology 2 (9 decks)

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