Antimicrobials MOA

Question 1

Penicillins (V, G)

Answer 1

Beta lactams are cell wall active agents that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 2

Penicillin Mechanism of Resistance

Answer 2

Inactivation by Betalactamase

modificant of PBP

Question 3

Cloxacillin

Answer 3

Bactericidal

Bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 4

Cloxacillin Mechanism of Resistance

Answer 4

Modification of PBP

Resistant to beta-lactamases (penicillinase resistant penicillin)

Question 5

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin or Amoxi-Clav or Pip/taz

Answer 5

Bactericidal
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Clav/Taz: binds to beta-lactamases if resistance

Question 6

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin/Piperacillin Resitance Mechanism

Answer 6

Inactivation by beta-lactamases and modification of PBP

Clav/taz: binds to beta-lactamases if resistance

Question 7

1st gen cephalosporins: cefazolin (IV), cephalexin (po), cefadroxil (po)

Answer 7

Bactericidal

Cell wall active agent that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 8

Cephalosporin Resistance Mechanism

Answer 8

Inactivation with beta-lactamases

Modification of PBP

Question 9

2nd gen cephalosporins: cefuroxime (IV/PO), cefaclor (PO), cefprozil (PO), cefoxitin (IV)

Answer 9

Bactericidal

Cell wall active agent that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 10

3rd gen cephalosporins: cefotaxime (IV), ceftriaxone (IV), ceftazidime (IV), cefixime (PO)

Answer 10

Bactericidal

Cell wall active agent that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 11

4th gen cephalosporins: cefepime (IV)

Answer 11

Bactericidal

Cell wall active agent that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 12

Carbapenems: imipenem (IV), meropenem (IV), ertapenem (IV), doripenem (IV)

Answer 12

Bactericidal

Cell wall active agent that bind to PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 13

Carbapenems Resitance

Answer 13

Inactivation with beta-lactamases

Modification of PBP

Question 14

Macrolides: erythromycin (IV/PO), clarithromycin (PO), azithromycin (PO/IV)
Ketolide: Telithromycin (PO)

Answer 14

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits protein synthesis (prevents translocation of t-RNA)

Question 15

Macrolide DI

Answer 15

CYP3A4 enzyme (erythromycin = most interacting; azithromycin = least)

Question 16

Linacosamide: clindamycin

Answer 16

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits protein synthesis (50S) and toxic synthesis

Question 17

Aminoglycosides: gentamycin (IV), tobramycin (IV), amikacin (IV), streptomycin (IV)

Answer 17

Bactericidal

Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis (30S)

Question 18

Tetrcylcines: tetracycline (PO), doxycycline (PO), minocycline (PO)

Answer 18

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 19

Tigecylcine (IV)

Answer 19

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 20

Floroquinolones: norfloxacin (PO), ofloxacin (PO), ciprofloxacin (IV/PO), levofloxacin (IV/PO), moxifloxacin (IV/PO)

Answer 20

Bactericidal

Inhibits DNA replication (DNA gyrase inhibition)

Question 21

Metronidazole

Answer 21

Bactericidal

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 22

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim

Answer 22

Bacteriostatic

Prevents folic acid synthesis

Question 23

Vancomycin

Answer 23

Bactericidal

Inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram +ve bacteria

Question 24

Daptomycin

Answer 24

Bactericidal

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 25

Linezolid

Answer 25

Bacteriostatic (some bactericidal against strep, staph)

Blocks initiation of protein production

Question 26

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 26

Bactericidal

DNA & cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Question 27

Fosfomycin

Answer 27

Bactericidal

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 28

Rifampin

Answer 28

Bactericidal?
Inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RNA polymerase inhibitor)

Question 29

What are bactericidal

Answer 29

Beta-lactams
Vancomycin 
Aminoglycosides
Daptomycin 
Fluoroquinolones 
Metronidazole

Question 30

What are bacteriostatic

Answer 30

Tetracycline
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Linezolid