antimicrobials Flashcards
Which combination is used for the empiric treatment of infective endocarditis
Penicillin+aminoglycoside
Tetracycline+aminoglycodise
Penicillin+macrolides
Tetracycline+flouroquinolones
Penicillin+aminoglycoside
Which drug is commonly used for syphilis
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Penicillin G
Which drug is used as a Rhuematic fever prophylaxis
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Penicillin G
Which drug has a higher oral bioavailability than other penicillins
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amoxicillin
Which penicillin is commonly prescribed to children and pregnant women
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amoxicillin
Which penicillin is widely used to treat URIs
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amoxicillin
Which penicillin is used to treat P. aeruginosa
Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
Carbenicillin
Which penicillin is excreted in the bile
Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
Nafcillin
Amoxicillin
Nafcillin
Which penicillin may cause pseudomembranous colitis and maculopapular rash
Penicillin G
Carbenicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
ampicillin
Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis
cephalexin
cefazolin
cefaclor
cefoxitin
cefazolin
Which cephalosporin is the drug of choice in the treatment of gonorrhea and the empiric treatment of meningitis
cephalexin
cefazolin
cefaclor
ceftriaxone
ceftriaxone
Which cephalosporin is effective against MRSA
cephalexin cefazolin cefaclor ceftaroline ceftriaxone
ceftaroline
Which drug is used as a substitute for minor penicillin allergic reactions
cephalosporin
tetracycline
macrolides
flouroquinolones
cephalosporins
Which DOES NOT cause disulfiram like reactions
cefamandole
cefoperazone
ceftaroline
cefotetan
ceftaroline
Which carbapenem must be combined with cilastatin to prevent the synthesis of a nephrotoxic metabolite
doripenem
ertapenem
imipenem
meropenem
imipenem
Which can be used for gram neg infections in pts allergic to penicillin
tetracyline
macrolide
monobactam
imipenem
monobactam
Which causes red man or red neck syndrome
daptomycin
vancomycin
imipenem
cefotetan
vancomycin
Protein synthesis inhibitors inhibit which ribosome
70S
What is the MOA of tetracyclines
bind reversibly to 30S subunit, preventing attachment of aminoacyl tRNA
What is the most common use of tetracyclines
treatment of severe acne and rosacea
Tetracycline is used as empiric therapy for which infection
- MRSA
- community acquired pneumonia
- hospital acquired pneumonia
- infective endocarditis
-community acquired pneumonia
What should be avoided when taking tetracyclines
- alcohol
- exercise
- diary products
- aspirin
-diary products
Tetracyclines are contraindicated for which pts
- pregnant women
- pregnant women and children under 8
- pregnant women and children under 18
- newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women and children under 8
What is an adverse affect of tetracyclines
- QT prolongation
- rash
- discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth
- nephrotoxicity
-discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth
Aminoglycosides are bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
What is the MOA for aminoglycosides
30S ribosomal subunit
irreversible inhibition of initiation complex, misreading to mRNA and blockade of translocation
Aminoglycosides antibacterial spectrum
- aerobic gram neg
- aerobic gram pos
- anaerobic gram neg
- anaerobic gram pos
-aerobic gram neg
Which combo is the drug of choice for empiric therapy for infective endocarditis
vancomycin+aminoglycosides
tetracycline+aminoglycosides
daptomycin+aminoglycosides
fosfomycin+aminoglycosides
vancomycin+aminoglycosides
What is the adverse effect associated with aminoglycosides
- photosensitivity
- discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth
- ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
- Rash
-ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What is the MOA for lactulose
NH4 is trapped in the colon effectively reducing plasma ammonia concentrations
Macrolides are mainly used against what type of bacteria
gram pos
Macrolides bind to which part of the ribosome
- 30S
- 70S
- 23S of 50S
- 50S
-23S of 50S
Which is the drug of choice for B. pertussis
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
telithromycin
erythromycin
Which is NOT inhibited by CYP450
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
telithromycin
azithromycin
What is an adverse affect of macrolides
- QT prolongation
- rash
- discoloration and hypoplasia of teeth
- nephrotoxicity
-QT prolongation
Macrolides are contraindicated for people taking what drug
- aspirin
- albuterol
- statins
- mannitol
statins
Chloramphenicol binds which ribosomal subunit
- 30S
- 70S
- 23S of 50S
- 50S
50S
What are the adverse effects of chloramphenicol
- QT prolongation
- rash
- grey baby syndrome
- nephrotoxicity
grey baby syndrome
Clindamycin is primarily used against
- aerobic gram neg
- aerobic gram pos
- anaerobic gram neg
- anaerobic gram pos
-anaerobic gram pos
Which is used as an alternative for prophylaxis in pts with penicillin allergy
chloramphenicol
macrolides
clindamycin
rifampin
clindamycin
Which is the adverse effect for clindamycin
- QT prolongation
- rash
- grey baby syndrome
- pseudomembranous colitis
- nephrotoxicity
-pseudomembranous colitis
What is the contraindications for floroquinolones
- pregnant women
- pregnant women and children under 8
- pregnant women and children under 18
- newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women and children under 18
What is the MOA for fluoroquinolones
- dihydropteroate
- topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
- 30S ribosomal subunit
- 50S ribosomal subunit
-topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
Which 3 are adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
- QT prolongation
- rash
- grey baby syndrome
- pseudomembranous colitis
- peripheral neuropathy
- connective tissue problems
- QT prolongation
- peripheral neuropathy
- connective tissue problems
Which 3 are adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
- QT prolongation
- rash
- grey baby syndrome
- pseudomembranous colitis
- peripheral neuropathy
- connective tissue problems
- QT prolongation
- peripheral neuropathy
- connective tissue problems
What is the MOA for sulfonamides
- dihydropteroate
- inhibit folic acid synthesis
- topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
- 30S ribosomal subunit
- 50S ribosomal subunit
-inhibit folic acid synthesis
Which is used for ulcerative colitis and IBD
- sulfadiazine
- sulfamethoxazole
- sulfasalazine
-sulfasalazine
Sulfonamides are contraindicated for which patients
- pregnant women
- pregnant women and children under 8
- pregnant women and children under 18
- newborns and infants under 2 months
-newborns and infants under 2 months
Trimethoprim is contraindicated for
- pregnant women
- pregnant women and children under 8
- pregnant women and children under 18
- newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women
Cotrimoxazole is contraindicated for
- pregnant women
- pregnant women and children under 8
- pregnant women and children under 18
- newborns and infants under 2 months
-pregnant women
Metronidazole is used for
- MRSA
- community acquired pneumonia
- hospital acquired pneumonia
- H. pylori
- infective endocarditis
-H. pylori
