Antimicrobials

Question 1

Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, etc are all memebers of what antimicrobial class

Answer 1

Beta lactams

Question 2

The mechanism of action of Beta Lactams is what?

Answer 2

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 3

beta lactams are: bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 3

batericidal

Question 4

beta lactams are: broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 4

broad spectrum

Question 5

beta lactams: time dependent or concentration dependent killing?

Answer 5

time dependent killing

Question 6

beta lactamase inhibitors are used in conjunction with beta lactams for what purpose?

Answer 6

synergism

Question 7

What drug class should never be mixed with penicillin in the same syringe?

Answer 7

aminoglycosides

Question 8

Are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 8

broad spectrum

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines

Answer 9

inhibits protein synthesis

Question 10

tetrayclines: bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 10

bacteriostatic

Question 11

oxytentracycline, doxycycline and minocycline are all members of what drug class?

Answer 11

tetracyclines

Question 12

Irritant, cardiovascular effects, tooth discoloration and nephrotoxicosis are all adverse effects of what drug class?

Answer 12

tetracyclines

Question 13

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin and amikacin are all members of what drug class?

Answer 13

aminoglycosides

Question 14

what is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

Answer 14

inhibition of protein synthesis

Question 15

Aminoglycosides are: bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 15

bactericidal

Question 16

are aminoglycosides concentration or time dependent antimicrobials?

Answer 16

concentration dependent antimicrobials

Question 17

purulent debris inactivates this drug class, making this class oxygen dependent for uptake.

Answer 17

aminoglycosides

Question 18

aminoglycosides are excreted how?

Answer 18

renally

Question 19

True or False: aminoglycosides CAN cross the blood brain barreir

Answer 19

FALSE: they are not capable of crossing the BBB

Question 20

synergistically what are aminioglycoside normally paired with?

Answer 20

beta lactams

Question 21

Normally seen in cats, what drug class causes vestibular or cochlear damage?

Answer 21

aminoglyosides

Question 22

True or False: Flurouquinolones are effective against anaerobes

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Synergistically, fluoroquinoloes are commonly paired with what two drug classes?

Answer 23

beta lactams and aminoglycosides

Question 24

articular cartilage degeneration in juvenile dogs is associated with what drug class?

Answer 24

Fluoroquinolones

Question 25

Sulfa drugs are excreted through what three routes?

Answer 25

bile, feces and urine

Question 26

Are sulfa drugs broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 26

Broad spectrum

Question 27

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, are both example of what drug class?

Answer 27

Macrolides

Question 28

Macrolides are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 28

bacteriostatic

Question 29

What are the drug classes that inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 29

macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, lincosamides

Question 30

What are the drug classes that inhibit DNA synthesis?

Answer 30

Fluoroquinolones, sulfas

Question 31

Antibody titer measurement is expressed as:

Answer 31

the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that positively reacts in a specific test

Question 32

The ability of a test to accurately identify an infected animal as positive is known as:

Answer 32

SENSITIVITY

Question 33

The ability of a test to accurately identify a non-infected animal as negative is known as:

Answer 33

SPECIFICITY

Question 34

Definition of Antibiotic

Answer 34

a chemical substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganisms

Question 35

Definition of Antimicrobial agent

Answer 35

a chemical agent substance derived from a biological source or produced by chemical synthesis

Question 36

What is a Susceptibility break point?

Answer 36

A drug concentration above which an organism is considered resistant and at or below this value organism is susceptible to that drug.

Question 37

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?

Answer 37

minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth

Question 38

Number one rule of Kirby Baur disk diffusion?

Answer 38

you must use a bacterial isolate spread on the agar

Question 39

What are the methods of acquired resistance

Answer 39

conjugation, tranformation, transduction

Question 40

In general, drugs with lower MIC values are better choices for treatment. True/False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Is Staphylococcus catalase positive or negative?

Answer 41

catalase positive

Question 42

Is Streptococcus catalase positive or negative?

Answer 42

catalase negative

Question 43

Staphylococcus is what type of anaerobe?

Answer 43

facultative

Question 44

What are the 3 most common coagulase positive Staphylococcus species?

Answer 44

S. aureus, S. hyicus, S schleiferi subsp. coagulans

Question 45

Protein A, a virulence factor, binds to what portion of IgG?

Answer 45

the FC region

Question 46

Explain Superantigens

Answer 46

produced by pathogenic microbes, indisciminate binding to MHC class II molecule on antigen presenting cells and T helper cells

Question 47

Greasy pig disease is caused by what micro-organism?

Answer 47

S. hyicus

Question 48

gangrenous mastitis is caused by what organism?

Answer 48

S. aureus

Question 49

Streptococcus is a _____ anaerobe

Answer 49

facultative