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BacT > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, etc are all memebers of what antimicrobial class

A

Beta lactams

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2
Q

The mechanism of action of Beta Lactams is what?

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

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3
Q

beta lactams are: bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

batericidal

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4
Q

beta lactams are: broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

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5
Q

beta lactams: time dependent or concentration dependent killing?

A

time dependent killing

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6
Q

beta lactamase inhibitors are used in conjunction with beta lactams for what purpose?

A

synergism

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7
Q

What drug class should never be mixed with penicillin in the same syringe?

A

aminoglycosides

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8
Q

Are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines

A

inhibits protein synthesis

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10
Q

tetrayclines: bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bacteriostatic

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11
Q

oxytentracycline, doxycycline and minocycline are all members of what drug class?

A

tetracyclines

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12
Q

Irritant, cardiovascular effects, tooth discoloration and nephrotoxicosis are all adverse effects of what drug class?

A

tetracyclines

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13
Q

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin and amikacin are all members of what drug class?

A

aminoglycosides

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

inhibition of protein synthesis

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15
Q

Aminoglycosides are: bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bactericidal

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16
Q

are aminoglycosides concentration or time dependent antimicrobials?

A

concentration dependent antimicrobials

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17
Q

purulent debris inactivates this drug class, making this class oxygen dependent for uptake.

A

aminoglycosides

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18
Q

aminoglycosides are excreted how?

A

renally

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19
Q

True or False: aminoglycosides CAN cross the blood brain barreir

A

FALSE: they are not capable of crossing the BBB

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20
Q

synergistically what are aminioglycoside normally paired with?

A

beta lactams

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21
Q

Normally seen in cats, what drug class causes vestibular or cochlear damage?

A

aminoglyosides

22
Q

True or False: Flurouquinolones are effective against anaerobes

A

False

23
Q

Synergistically, fluoroquinoloes are commonly paired with what two drug classes?

A

beta lactams and aminoglycosides

24
Q

articular cartilage degeneration in juvenile dogs is associated with what drug class?

A

Fluoroquinolones

25
Q

Sulfa drugs are excreted through what three routes?

A

bile, feces and urine

26
Q

Are sulfa drugs broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad spectrum

27
Q

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, are both example of what drug class?

A

Macrolides

28
Q

Macrolides are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bacteriostatic

29
Q

What are the drug classes that inhibit protein synthesis?

A

macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, lincosamides

30
Q

What are the drug classes that inhibit DNA synthesis?

A

Fluoroquinolones, sulfas

31
Q

Antibody titer measurement is expressed as:

A

the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that positively reacts in a specific test

32
Q

The ability of a test to accurately identify an infected animal as positive is known as:

A

SENSITIVITY

33
Q

The ability of a test to accurately identify a non-infected animal as negative is known as:

A

SPECIFICITY

34
Q

Definition of Antibiotic

A

a chemical substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganisms

35
Q

Definition of Antimicrobial agent

A

a chemical agent substance derived from a biological source or produced by chemical synthesis

36
Q

What is a Susceptibility break point?

A

A drug concentration above which an organism is considered resistant and at or below this value organism is susceptible to that drug.

37
Q

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?

A

minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth

38
Q

Number one rule of Kirby Baur disk diffusion?

A

you must use a bacterial isolate spread on the agar

39
Q

What are the methods of acquired resistance

A

conjugation, tranformation, transduction

40
Q

In general, drugs with lower MIC values are better choices for treatment. True/False

A

True

41
Q

Is Staphylococcus catalase positive or negative?

A

catalase positive

42
Q

Is Streptococcus catalase positive or negative?

A

catalase negative

43
Q

Staphylococcus is what type of anaerobe?

A

facultative

44
Q

What are the 3 most common coagulase positive Staphylococcus species?

A

S. aureus, S. hyicus, S schleiferi subsp. coagulans

45
Q

Protein A, a virulence factor, binds to what portion of IgG?

A

the FC region

46
Q

Explain Superantigens

A

produced by pathogenic microbes, indisciminate binding to MHC class II molecule on antigen presenting cells and T helper cells

47
Q

Greasy pig disease is caused by what micro-organism?

A

S. hyicus

48
Q

gangrenous mastitis is caused by what organism?

A

S. aureus

49
Q

Streptococcus is a _____ anaerobe

A

facultative

50
Q
A

BacT (1 decks)

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