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Infectious Disease/Life Cycle > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug target of Penicillin G/V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Piperacillin?

A

PBP. Beta-lactams. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

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2
Q

What is the drug target of Cephalexin and Cefazolin (and what generation)?

A

1st generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

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3
Q

What is the drug target of Cefuroxime and Cefaclor (and what generation)?

A

2nd generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

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4
Q

What is the drug target of Imipenem/cilastatin and Ertapenem?

A

Carbapenems. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

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5
Q

What is the drug target of Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, and Cefepime (and what generation)?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.

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6
Q

What is the drug target of Vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide. Blocks peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors.

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7
Q

What is the drug target of Aztreonam?

A

A monobactam. Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to penicillin-binding protein 3. Synergistic with aminoglycosides.

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8
Q

What is the drug target of Tobramycin and Gentamicin?

A

Aminoglycosides. Inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA.

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9
Q

What is the drug target of Tetracycline and Doxycylcine and Minocycline?

A

Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit.

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10
Q

What is the drug target of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

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11
Q

What are the toxicities associated with Chloramphenicol?

A

Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome

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12
Q

What is the drug target of Chloramphenicol?

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit.

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13
Q

What is the drug target of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin?

A

A streptogramin. Inhibits 50S subunit.

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14
Q

What is the drug target of Linezolid?

A

Inhibits 50S subunit.

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15
Q

What is the drug target of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim?

A

Inhibit folate synthesis. PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase.

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16
Q

What is the drug target of Ciprfloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolones. Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

17
Q

What is the drug target of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Damages DNA.

18
Q

What is the drug target of Rifampin?

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

19
Q

What is the clinical use of Aztreonam?

A

Gram neg rods only. For penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.

20
Q

What is the clinical use of macrolides?

A

Atypical pneumonias, chlamydia, and gram pos cocci

Infectious Disease/Life Cycle (2 decks)

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