Antimicrobials Flashcards
What is the drug target of Penicillin G/V, Methicillin, Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Piperacillin?
PBP. Beta-lactams. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
What is the drug target of Cephalexin and Cefazolin (and what generation)?
1st generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
What is the drug target of Cefuroxime and Cefaclor (and what generation)?
2nd generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
What is the drug target of Imipenem/cilastatin and Ertapenem?
Carbapenems. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
What is the drug target of Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir, and Cefepime (and what generation)?
3rd generation cephalosporins. Blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
What is the drug target of Vancomycin?
Glycopeptide. Blocks peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors.
What is the drug target of Aztreonam?
A monobactam. Prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to penicillin-binding protein 3. Synergistic with aminoglycosides.
What is the drug target of Tobramycin and Gentamicin?
Aminoglycosides. Inhibit formation of initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA.
What is the drug target of Tetracycline and Doxycylcine and Minocycline?
Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit.
What is the drug target of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
What are the toxicities associated with Chloramphenicol?
Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
What is the drug target of Chloramphenicol?
Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit.
What is the drug target of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin?
A streptogramin. Inhibits 50S subunit.
What is the drug target of Linezolid?
Inhibits 50S subunit.
What is the drug target of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim?
Inhibit folate synthesis. PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase.
What is the drug target of Ciprfloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin?
Fluoroquinolones. Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
What is the drug target of Nitrofurantoin?
Damages DNA.
What is the drug target of Rifampin?
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
What is the clinical use of Aztreonam?
Gram neg rods only. For penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides.
What is the clinical use of macrolides?
Atypical pneumonias, chlamydia, and gram pos cocci
