Antimicrobials

Question 0

Ethyline Oxide

Answer 0

Gas form

Chemical sterilization of heat sensitive materials
Alkylation of bacterial DNA

Question 1

Temperature as an antimicrobial

Answer 1

Hot air will both disinfect and sterilize
Pasteurization = disinfection
Steam @ 1atm = disinfection
Steam >1atm = sterilization

Question 2

Disinfectants usable against all microbes

including spores and viruses

Answer 2

Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde - Used for high risk, disrupts crosslinking
Chlorine *
H2O2 *
(* spore disinfection +/-)
there are no antiseptics for spores

Question 3

Cell Wall Synthesis inhibitors

Answer 3

Beta-Lactams and glycopeptides - block cross-linking
Cycloserine - incorporated into peptide, inhibiting cross-linking
Bacitracin - phosphorylates peptide carrier protien

Question 4

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 4

30S
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin) - codon misreading
Tetracyclines - blocks tRNA to A site

50S
Streptogramins
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycing (macrolides)
Lincosamides

Question 5

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 5

Rifampin - inhibits mRNA transcription

Quinolones - inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Question 6

Bacterial Genetics

transfer of AB resistant genes

Answer 6

Conjugation - Plasmids transferred via sex pilus (F+ to F-)
Transformation - ability to take up naked DNA from environment
Transposition - Jumping DNA
Transduction - Generalized: Bac. DNA packaged in viral capsid
Specialized: Flanking bac. genes of viral DNA excised
and packaged into viral capsid