Antimicrobials

Question 1

Cephalosporins adverse effects:

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, disulfiram like reaction, vitamin K deficiency

Question 2

B lactamase inhibitors:

Answer 2

Amoxicillin - Clavulanate, Piperacillin- Tazobactam

Question 3

Carbapenems: Broad spectrum B lactamases

Answer 3

Always administered with Cilastatin (inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase)

Question 4

Aztreonam: monobactam

Answer 4

Synergistic with aminoglycosides

Question 5

30S inhibitors

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines

Question 6

50S inhibitors

Answer 6

Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin (macrolides), Linezolid

Question 7

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

Answer 7

Bactericidal, Misreading of mRNA
Causes teratogenicity - Ototoxicity
Mechanism of resistance : Bacterial transferase enzyme inactivates the drug by acetylation

Question 8

Chloramphenicol blocks

Answer 8

peptidyltransferase at 50s ribosomal subunit
Adverse affects: Grey baby syndrome

Question 9

Linezolid Mao-

Answer 9

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit and preventing the formation of the initiation complex

Question 10

Macrolides: block translocation

Answer 10

Adverse affects: GI motility issues, Arrhythmia cause by QT prolongation, Acute cholestatic hepatitis, Rash, Eosinophila