Antimicrobials

Question 1

what is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

action of the animal on drugs such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 2

what is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

the action of a drug on the animals (effect on bacteria)

Question 3

what are the possible ways in which antibiotics work?

Answer 3

disrupt cell wall production or function
DNA function inhibitors
protein synthesis inhibitors
disrupts cell membrane function

Question 4

what groups of antibiotics work by disrupting cell wall production/function?

Answer 4

beta lactams
penicillins
cephalosporins

Question 5

what groups of antibiotics work by being DNA function inhibitors?

Answer 5

potentiated sulphonamides
fluoroquinalones

Question 6

what groups of antibiotics work through protein synthesis inhibition?

Answer 6

aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
florphenicol

Question 7

what groups of drugs work by disrupting cell membrane function?

Answer 7

ionophores

Question 8

what are the ways antibiotics can be classified?

Answer 8

how they effect bacteria
range of bacteria effected
post-antibiotic effect
concentration or time dependant
chemical structure/properties

Question 9

can you give bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs together?

Answer 9

no (bactericidal drugs require actively growing cells)

Question 10

why can’t you give bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal drugs together?

Answer 10

bactericidal drugs require actively growing cells

Question 11

what groups of antibiotics are time dependant?

Answer 11

penicillins
cephalosporins
tetracyclines
macrolides

Question 12

what groups of antibiotics are concentration dependant?

Answer 12

aminoglycosides
fluroquinolones
metronidazole

Question 13

what is post-antibiotic effect?

Answer 13

ability for drug to suppress/kill bacteria after concentration has dropped below the MIC

Question 14

what does time dependant antibiotics mean?

Answer 14

the time the antimicrobial concentration exceeds the MIC determines the clinical efficacy

Question 15

what is the volume of distribution of a drug?

Answer 15

the amount of drug left in the blood stream after it is absorbed (smaller volume of distribution means more is confined to the blood stream)

Question 16

what can the plasma protein binding of a drug effect?

Answer 16

tissue penetration
volume of distribution
half-life
elimination

Question 17

how do some drugs use plasma protein binding as an advantage?

Answer 17

allows them to act for longer, good for time dependant drugs such as beta-lactams

Question 18

what is the half-life of antimicrobials?

Answer 18

time required for the plasma concentration of the drug to half

Question 19

do drugs with a larger or smaller volume of distribution get cleared quicker?

Answer 19

takes longer to clear drugs with larger volumes of distribution

Question 20

what two factors influence drug elimination via the liver?

Answer 20

blood flow to liver
activity of enzymes in liver

Question 21

what antibiotic classes are cell wall inhibitors?

Answer 21

beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)

Question 22

what antibiotic classes are protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 22

aminoglycosides
macrolides
tetracyclines

Question 23

what antibiotic classes work by effecting DNA metabolism?

Answer 23

sulfonamides
potentiated sulfonamides
fluroquinolones
metronidazole

Question 24

what are some examples of broad spectrum penicillins?

Answer 24

ampicillin
amoxicillin
cloxacillin

Question 25

where are penicillins eliminated from the body?

Answer 25

kidneys

Question 26

will penicillins enter the CNS?

Answer 26

no