Antimicrobials Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal “azole” therapies?
The mechanism of action of the antifungal “azole” therapies is to inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting the cytochrome P-450 enzyme 14-a-demthylase that converts lanosterol to ergosterol.
Ergosterol is the primary steroid found in the cell membrane of some fungi; it stabilizes the membrane, as does cholesterol in human cells. Many antifungal drugs act on ergosterol to increase permeability of the cell membrane of the fungus, promoting its destruction.
What is the mechanism of action of fluroquinolones?
The mechanism of action of fluroquinolones is to inhibit prokaryotic topoiosmerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV.
What is the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial macrolides?
The mechanism of action of the antimicrobial macrolides is to inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation; macrolides inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
The mechanism of action of tetracyclines is to bind to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and prevent attachment of aminacyl-tRNA.
What is the mechanism of action of chloroquine?
The mechanism of action of chloroquine is to inhibit the detoxification of heme into hemozoin. The accumulation of heme is toxic to plasmodia.
What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir, famcyclovir, and valcyclovir?
What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal echinocandins?
The mechanism of action of the antifungal echinocandins is to inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of β-glucan.
What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal polyenes (eg, amphotericin B, nystatin)?
The mechanism of action of the antifungal poleyenes (eg, amphotericin B and nystatin) is to bind ergosterol in the cell membrane and form pores that allow leakage of electrolytes.
What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal medication flucytosine?
The mechanism of action of the antifungal medication flucytosine is to inhibit DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion to 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase.
What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal medication terbafine?
The mechanism of action of the antifungal medication terbafine is to interfere with lanosterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase .
What is the mechanism of action of antimicrobial chlroanphenicol?
The mechanism of action of chlroanphenicol is inhibit protein synthesis by binding peptidyltransferase at the 50S ribosomal subunit.
What is the mechanism of action of antimicrobial clindamycin?
The mechanism of action of the antimicrobial clindamycin is inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation of peptides at the 50S ribosomal subunit.
What is the mechanism of action of antimicrobial linezolid?
The mechanism of action of the antimicrobial linezolid is to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing the formation of the initiation complex.
What is the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial aminoglycosides?
The mechanism of action of the antimicrobial aminglycosides is to inhibit protein synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting the initiation complex through the binding of the 30S subunit.
What is the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial penicillinase-sensitive penicillins?
The mechanism of action of the antimicrobial penicillinase-sensitive penicillins is to inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking in the cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (transpeptidases).
Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins can be combines with clavulanic acid to protect against destruction by B-lactamase.
