Antimicrobial Therapy and Stewardship Flashcards
What is the common cold most commonly caused by ?
Virus - rhinovirus
What is a sore throat commonly caused by ?
A virus or possibly a bacterial infection called streptococcus.
What is candidiasis (thrush) caused by ?
A fungus called Candida albicans
Which a bacteria that quickly develops resistance to new antibacterial drugs?
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
What is a antimicrobial drug ?
Any drug targeted at a microbe.
Name 3 microorganisms
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Define bacteria
Single called
Flagella- ability to move
Prokaryotes
Divide by binary fission
Explain the structure of gram negative bacteria
- A thin peptidoglycan layer sandy witch between two phospholipid bilayers
Explain the structure of a gram positive bacteria.
Thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane
What type of bacteria is more resistant to antibiotics and why ?
Gram negative - Due to their cell wall being more complex and this makes drug penetration more difficult.
What are the two largest groups of bacteria and what are their shapes ?
Bacilli - Rod shapes
Cocci - spherical
How do bacteria cause disease
Releasing toxins
What are the two types of drugs that can kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
What does a bacteriostatic drug do ?
Inhibit bacterial cell growth but do not destroy cell.
What do bacteriocidal drugs do ?
Directly kill bacteria
Who invented the gram stain and when ?
Christian gram 1884
How do antibiotics target bacteria ?
They target structures within the bacteria that are different from human cells so that they don’t kill any human cells.
Name a beta-lactam antibiotic
Penicillin
How do beta lactam antibiotics work ?
They block the enzymes involved in the production of peptidoglycan, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. This bactericidal action causes the cell wall to erupt, killing the cell.