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Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

0
Q

Proteus species

A

Gram negative rods

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1
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gram-negative rods

Has pili/fimbriae that attaches to cells, mc cause of uti

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2
Q

Pseudomonas species

A

Gram negative rods

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3
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gram-negative coccibacilli

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4
Q

Bacteria without a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram positive

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6
Q

Catalase positive

A

Staph, e.coli, pseudomonas

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7
Q

Catalase negative

A

Strep, enterococcus

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8
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

(Anthrax), gram positive rods, endospore

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9
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

(Botox), gram positive rods, endospore

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10
Q

Gram positive cocci (aerobes)

A 
S. pnuemoniae-ENT and pulmonary
-PCN
-PCN resistant--cetriaxone or vanc
S. pyogenes
-PCN
-Clinda
S. aureus *skin
-b lactamase negative
    -PCN
    -1st Gen ceph
-b lactamase positive
    -nafcillin
    -oxacillin
-MRSA
    -TMP-SMZ
    -Clindamycin
-Vanc
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12
Q

Gram negative rods/bacilli

A

Escherichia coli (*rod in urine=e. coli), Klebsiella, Proteus

  • TMP-SMZ
  • 1st or 2nd gen Ceph
  • Fluoroquinolones

H. Pylori *Combo Therapy
-PPI (or bismuth) + amoxicillin + clarithromycin
-PCN ALLERGY:
PPI (or bismuth) + metronidazole + clarithromycin

Salmonella and Shigella

  • fluoroquinolones
  • TMP-SMZ
  • Ampicillin

Others :Vibrio, Y. Pestis, Pseudomonas

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13
Q

Gram negative coccobacili and treatment

A

M. Cat- ears and HENT

  • 2nd or 3rd gen Ceph
  • Macrolides

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  • Ceftriaxone
  • Fluoroquinolones

Neisseria meningitides

  • PCN-G
  • Ceftriaxone

H flu

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13
Q

Gram positive rods/bacilli

A 
Bacilli
-Vanc
-Fluoroquinolones
-Clindamycin
Listeria
-Ampicillin
-TMP-SMZ
Bacillus anthracis**anthrax
- Cipro
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14
Q

Gram positive rods/bacilli

A

Listeria
Streptomyces
Clostridium
Bacillus anthracis

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15
Q

Streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains

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16
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in chains

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17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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18
Q

Neisseria meningitis

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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19
Q

Hemophilus influenzae (H flu)

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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20
Q

Klebsiella

A

Gram negative rods

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21
Q

Salmonella

A

Gram negative rods

Food born

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22
Q

Shigella

A

Gram negative rods

Food born

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23
Q

Vibrio

A

Gram negative rods

Aquatic, oysters

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24
Q

Y. Pestis

A

Gram negative rods

Plague

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25
Q

Listeria

A

Gram positive rods

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26
Q

Streptomyces

A

Gram positive rods

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27
Q

Lungs

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Chlamydia pneumoniae

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28
Q

Wound

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

29
Q

Urine

A

E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterococcus

30
Q

CNS

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis *most common
Listeria monocytogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

Tinea

A

Fungi
Ringworm
Athletes foot

32
Q

Candida

A

Fungi
Yeast
Thrush

33
Q

Cryotococcus

A

Fungi

CNS infection

34
Q

Histoplasma

A

Fungi

CNS infection

35
Q

Ex of viruses

A 
Influenza
Hep a, b, c, d, e
RSV
Herpes
Adenovirus
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus- upper resp
Coxsackle- upper resp
36
Q

Avoid in Pregnancy

A 
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Fluoroquinolones
PZD
-Sulfonamides, antivirals and antifungals are used very cautiously
37
Q

Giardia

A

Prokaryote seen in GI

38
Q

Trichomonas

A

Protozoa seen in GU

39
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Protozoa seen in lungs

“PCP pneumonia”

40
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Clindamycin, tetracycline, macrolides, sulfonamides

41
Q

Bactericidal

A

Beta-lactam(PCN), aminoglycosides (post anti-bx effect), fluoroquinolones (post anti-bx effect), Vance

42
Q

Penicillin G

A

PCN, beta lactam, cell wall inhibitor, bacteriacidal
Aqueous PCN G ( Iv)
Procaine PCN G (IM)
Benzathine PCN G (IM-long acting)
Covers gram +, gram - cocci, and non beta lactamase producering anaerobes
S pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, staph, strep
Treponema pallidum

43
Q

Avoid or Adjust in Renal Disease

A 
Vanc
Fluoroquinolones
AMinnoglycosides
Ethambutol
Nitrofurantoin
Ampho B (anti-fungal)
Acyclovir (antiviral)
44
Q

Avoid or Adjust in Hepatic Disease

A 
Antivirals
**Antifungals**
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Tetracyclines
Metronidazole
45
Q

Medications not removed by dialysis

A 
Ampho B
Ceftriaxone
Erythromycin
Nafcillin
Tetracycline
Vanc
46
Q

Anaerobes and treatment

A 
C. diff**
-metronidazole
-vanc po
Bacteriodes
-Metronidazole
-Clinda
M. tuberculosis
-isoniazod + rifampin + ethambutol + PYZ
- Streptomycin is alternative
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-Tetracycline
-Azithromycin
- Fluoroquinolones
Chlamydia
-azithromycin
-tetracycline
47
Q

Spirochetes and treatment

A 
Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
-doxy (tick born)
-amoxicillin
-ceftriaxone
Treponema species (syphilis
-long acting PCN
-ceftriaxone
48
Q

Acute Otitis Media, Sinusitis

A

H. flu, s. pneumoniae, m cats

  • 1st line: amoxicillin or TMP-SMZ
  • 2nd line or resistance: Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid
49
Q

Cellulitis

A

s. aureus**most common, group a strep
- PCNase resistant PCN
- 1st gen ceph
- Vanc-if concerned MRSA
- Clinda

50
Q

Meningitis

A

pneumococcus, meningicoccus, h flu
-Ceftriaxone (crosses BBB)
-vanc
in neonates: ampicillin, gent

51
Q

Peritonitis from ruptured viscus (anaerobes)

A

metronidazole and 3rd gen ceph

piperacillin and tazobactam

52
Q

Mammal Bites

A

amoxicillin-clavulinic acid

53
Q

Throat

A

streptococcus, c. ditheriae, s.aureus

  • PCN
  • Macrolides if sensitive to PCN
54
Q

GU

A

E. coli**

  • TMP-SMZ (bactram)
  • Fluoroquilonolones
  • Nitrofurantoin
55
Q

comm acquired pna

A

pneumococcus, mycoplasma, h flu, legionella, s aureus

  • outpatient: azithromycin, doxy, amoxicillin, quinolones
  • inpatient: macrolide + 3rd gen ceph or macrolide + quinolone and +/- carbapenem
56
Q

Nosocomial Pna

A

3rd gen ceph + quinolone
carbapenem
+/- Vanc

57
Q

Sepsis

A 
FLUIDS!!!
vanc
3rd gen ceph
carbapenem
maybe quinolone also
58
Q

bacterial endocarditis

A

vanc + gent

59
Q

gonorrhea

A

TREAT FOR CHLAMYDIA TOO
ceftriaxone 250 mg IM/IV
and chlamydia tx

60
Q

Chlamydia

A

TREAT FOR GONORRHEA TOO
azrithromycin 1 gm PO or Doxy or Levoquin x 7 days
and gon tx

61
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole 2 gm PO or 500 mg BID x 7 days

62
Q

Syphilis

A

primary (canker present) and secondary (rash present)- tx with PCN G 2.4 mill units IM or Doxy 100 mg BID x 14 days
latent- PCN G 2.4 mill units IM x 3 doses 1 week apart or Doxy x 4 weeks
neurosyph- PCN G IV or IM daily + Probenecaid x 14 days

63
Q

Meningitis exposure

A

Cipro

rifampin

64
Q

Pertussis exposure

A

azithromycin

65
Q

diphtheria exposure

A

PCN

Macrolides

66
Q

**anthrax exposure

A

cipro

doxy

67
Q

prevent endocarditis

A

amoxicillin

cindamycin

68
Q

prevent otitis media

A

amoxicillin

69
Q

prevent chronic uti

A

TMP-SMZ

nitrofurantoin

Pharmacotherapeutics (2 decks)

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