Antimicrobial stewardship Flashcards
How does antibiotic resistance happen?
- Lots of germs, a few are drug resistant
- antibiotics kill bacteria causing the illness, as well as good bacteria protecting the body from infection
- The drug-resistant bacteria are now allowed to grow and take over
- Some bacteria give their drug-resistance to other bacteria causing more problems
How long might it take for gut flora to recover after antbiotics?
It can take up to 2 years.
What are the 4 main ways to reduce antibiotic resistance?
- Preventing infections will prevent the spread of resistance - immunizations, safe food prep, handwashing, and using antibiotics as directed and only when necessary
- Tracking - CDC gathers data on anti-biotic resistant infections, causes of infections and whether there are reasons for them (risk factors) that cause some people to get a resistant infection.
- Improving antibiotic prescribing/stewardship
- Developing new drugs and diagnostic tests
What are some important things to tell patients when they get antibiotics when they might not need them?
- Most infections are caused by viruses
- Taking antibiotics - wont kill viruses, won’t stop those around you getting sick, won’t make you or your child fee better, can cause side effects, can increase AB resistance.
- Tell patients to use symptom control for symptoms.
Our role to help limit inappropriate AB use includes 3 things. What are they?
- Ensure it is the correct AB for that patient
- That it is the correct dose
- That it is used for the shortest period of time.
What is the definition of antibiotic stewardship?
Coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of [antibiotic] agents by promoting the selection of the optimal [antibiotic] drug regimen including dosing, duration of therapy, and route of administration
What are some of the benefits of antibiotic stewardship?
- Improved pt outcomes
- Reduced adverse events including (CDI)
- Improvements in rates of antibiotic susceptibilities to targeted AB and optimization of resource utilization across the continuum of care.
Should Cycling or mixing antibiotic selection be done?
NOt recommended to withdraw an agent or class from general use for designated period of time and substituting for another.
What are benefits of preauthorization/prospective audit and feedback interms of an intervention in a facility?
- Improves AB use
- Core component of any program
- Can include one or both depending on resources.
Is Education an intervention that can be used alone?
- IT should NOT be used alone
- Lectures and pamphlets complement other activities
- Academic centers/teaching hospitals should incorporate into pre-clinical and clinical curriculum
What are the benefits of facility-specific clinical practice guidelines?
- standardize prescribing practices
- Use local epidemiology
- Developed for common diseases
- ASPs should be involved in development when produced by other departments.
What is the benefit of increasing use of oral antibiotics?
- Reduces costs and hospital LOS without compromising safety or efficacy
- Conduct of these programs should be integrated into routine pharmacy practices
What % of CDI cases have had an antibiotic in the past 28 days?
85%
Which two types of antibiotics if restricted may help minimize C.Diff?
Clindamycin, and cephalosporin
