Antimicrobial Residues

Question 1

What bacteria are used in the dairy industry?

Answer 1

Lactococci, lactobacilli or streptococci - use to curdle cheese by converting lactose

Question 2

What does Delvotest test for?

Answer 2

Tests for beta-lactam antibiotics in milk.

Question 3

What pharmacokinetic factors are useful to think about with regards to withdrawal periods?

Answer 3

Absorption 
Distribution 
Activation
Metabolisation
Clearance

Question 4

What organs are important to think about with distribution?

Answer 4

Brain

Udder

Question 5

What organ is often used to assess withdrawal of a drug?

Answer 5

The kidney as it is a major site of clearance (the other is the liver)

Question 6

What is the general withdrawal times for meat and milk?

Answer 6

Milk - 7 days

Meat - 28 days

Question 7

What are the big no-nos in terms of withdrawal periods?

Answer 7

Enrofloxacicn
Chloramphenicol
Metronidazole
Phenylbutazone

Question 8

What WHO criteria are used to determine the importance of antimicrobials?

Answer 8

1. An agent which is the sole, or one of a limited available therapy, to treat serious human disease.
2. Antimicrobial used to treat diseases caused by either zoonotic agents or agents that may require resistant genes from non-human sources

Question 9

What is the heirachy of importance with regards to WHO antimicrobial criteria?

Answer 9

Critically important - those which belong to criteria 1 & 2

Highly Important - those which beet criteria 1 or 2

Important - Those which meet neither criteria