Antimicrobial Families Flashcards
What families of antimicrobial drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis? (8 total)
Penicillins, Cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin, cephalexin), Carbapenems (e.g. imipenem, ertapenem), Monobactams (e.g. aztreonam), Vancomycin, and Cephamycins (e.g. cefoxitin, cefotetan), Cycloserine, Bacitracin
What families of antimicrobials inhibit protein synthesis? (5 total)
Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin, tobramycin), Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin) Oxazolidinoes (e.g. linezolid), Streptogramins (e.g. quinupristine-dalfopristin), and Tetracyclines
What do Beta-lactams, and Glycopeptides have in common?
They all inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria
How do Quinolones/fluroquinolones act as antimicrobials?
They inhibit DNA synthesis
What do Penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams, and carbapenems have in common?
They are all varieties of Beta-Lactam antimicrobials
Which of the following antimicrobials does not act the same as the others?
- Cefazolin
- Ampicillin
- Erythromycin
- Vancomycin
Erythromycin. It acts by stopping protein synthesis while the other three all inhibit cell wall formation.
Which of the following antimicrobials would be least effective in treating a ß-lactamase producing S. aureus?
- Amoxicillin and clavullanic acid
- Cefazolin
- Methicillin
- Vancomycin
Cefazolin. It is a first generation cephalosporin (which contains a ß-lactam ring) and would be easily degraded and inactivated by the S. Aureus
A patient comes into the ER with an inflamed cyst on his leg that has central necrosis (see picture) and is running a fever. You make an immediate call to the surgeon and put him on an IV solution containing ertapenem and vancomycin. You do this prior to finding out what organism is causing the infection. What type of therapy did you provide this patient?
Empiric therapy
After finding out that your patient has Group A strep, you prescribe penicillin. What is this an example of?
- Prophylaxis
- Empiric therapy
- Definitive therapy
Definitive therapy
