Antimicrobial Drugs info

Question 1

Penicillin G

Answer 1

• Antibiotic
• Penicillinase-sensitive
• effective against some gram +ve
• suspension

Question 2

Cloxacillin

Answer 2

• penicillinase-resistant
• approved for vet med as intra-mammary infusions
• effective against gram +ve staphylococci spp.

Question 3

Ampicillin

Answer 3

• broad-spectrum
• effective against some gram -ve and gram +ve
• not resistant to penicillinase enzyme

Question 4

Amoxicillin

Answer 4

• broad-spectrum
• effective against some gram -ve and gram +ve
• not resistant to penicillinase enzyme

Question 5

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid

Answer 5

• broad-spectrum
• effective against some gram -ve and gram +ve
• not resistant to penicillinase enzyme

Question 6

Cephalosporins (Sub-group)

Answer 6

• bactericidal to gram +ve and -ve by interfering with cell wall synthesis
• resistant to penicillinase
• excreted via kidneys
• classified into generations

Question 7

Cefazolin

Answer 7

• !st-generation
• IV
• for systemic infection in dogs and cats
• human label

Question 8

Cephalexin

Answer 8

• 1st generation
• PO
• for skin

Question 9

Cephapirin

Answer 9

• 1st generation
• Intra-mammary
• Mastitis

Question 10

Cefoxitin

Answer 10

• 2nd generation
• IV
• given when GI contents enter abdominal cavity
• better against enterobacteria

Question 11

Cefaclor

Answer 11

• 2nd generation
• PO
• better against enterobacteria

Question 12

Cefovecin (Convenia)

Answer 12

• 3rd generation
• SQ
• SQ dose lasts 14 days
• soft tissue infections in dogs and cats
• UTIs in dogs
• better against pseudomonas and gram -ve

Question 13

Ceftiofur

Answer 13

• 3rd generation
• IM
  respiratory disease in cattle, horses, swine
• little/no withdrawal time in livestock
• better against pseudomonas and gram -ve

Question 14

Cefepime

Answer 14

• 4th generation
• IV, IM
• resistant to beta-lactamase enzyme produced by bacteria
• not really used in vet med

Question 15

Cefquinome

Answer 15

• 4th generation
• IV, IM
• resistant to beta-lactamase enzyme produced by bacteria
• not really used in vet med

Question 16

Polymyxin B

Answer 16

• damages cell wall
• can cause renal damage
• typically used topically

Question 17

Tetracycline

Answer 17

• Tetracyclines
• bacteriostatic—inhibit protein synthesis
• broad-spectrum, gram +ve
• effective against mycoplasma, spirochetes, chlamydia, rickettsia
• caution with renal disease
• binds with calcium, don’t give with dairy

Question 18

Doxycycline

Answer 18

• Tetracyclines
• bacteriostatic—inhibit protein synthesis
• broad-spectrum, gram +ve
• effective against mycoplasma, spirochetes, chlamydia, rickettsia
• caution with renal disease
• binds with calcium, don’t give with dairy

Question 19

Oxytetracycline

Answer 19

• Tetracyclines
• bacteriostatic—inhibit protein synthesis
• broad-spectrum, gram +ve
• effective against mycoplasma, spirochetes, chlamydia, rickettsia
• caution with renal disease
• binds with calcium, don’t give with dairy

Question 20

Streptomycin

Answer 20

• -cidal by inhibiting protein synthesis, mainly gram -ve
• derived from sugars
• preference for ears and kidney
• poor absorption from GI
• good for IM, SQ

Question 21

Neomycin

Answer 21

• -cidal by inhibiting protein synthesis, mainly gram -ve
• derived from sugars
• preference for ears and kidney
• poor absorption from GI
• good for IM, SQ

Question 22

Gentamicin

Answer 22

• -cidal by inhibiting protein synthesis, mainly gram -ve
• derived from sugars
• preference for ears and kidney
• poor absorption from GI
• good for IM, SQ

Question 23

Spectinomycin

Answer 23

• -cidal by inhibiting protein synthesis, mainly gram -ve
• derived from sugars
• preference for ears and kidney
• poor absorption from GI
• good for IM, SQ

Question 24

Clindamycin

Answer 24

• -static by inhibiting protein synthesis
• sometimes -cidial depending on concentration
• broad-spectrum, good penetration
• liver metabolism and primarily