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PHMP > Antimicrobial Drugs > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common types of nosocomial infections?

A

Surgical wound infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections, gastrointestinal infections

Example sentence: The patient developed a nosocomial respiratory infection after surgery.

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2
Q

What are the most common Nosocomial Bacterial infections?

A
  1. Staphylococcus aureus
  2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  3. Escherichia coli

Additional information: These bacterial infections are often resistant to antibiotics.

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3
Q

Proposals to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

A
  1. Speed development of new antibiotics
  2. Track resistance data nationwide
  3. Restrict antimicrobial use
  4. Direct observed dosing (TB)
  5. Use more narrow spectrum antibiotics
  6. Use antimicrobial cocktails
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4
Q

Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistance

A
  1. Infections resistant
  2. Increased cost of treatment
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5
Q

Antibiotics in Foods

A

1.to prevent infection and promote growth

  1. Multi drug-resistant Salmonella typhi has been found in 4 states in 18 people who ate beef fed antibiotics
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6
Q

Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use

A
  1. Lack of quality control
  2. Inadequate surveillance
  3. Poverty
  4. Use of antibiotics in foods
  5. Prescription not taken correctly
  6. Antibiotics for viral infections
  7. Antibiotics sold without medical supervision
  8. Spread of resistant microbes in hospitals due to lack of hygiene
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7
Q

What Factors Promote Antimicrobial Resistance?

A
  1. Exposure to sub-optimal levels of antimicrobial
  2. Exposure to microbes carrying resistance genes
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8
Q

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance

A
  1. Enzymatic destruction
  2. Prevention of penetration
  3. Alteration of antibiotic
  4. Rapid ejection
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9
Q

Antimicrobial Resistance

A
  1. Lack of antimicrobial effect against previously susceptible microbes
  2. MIC increases
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10
Q

Measuring Antimicrobial Sensitivity

A

E Test

MIC: Minimal inhibitory concentration

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11
Q

Enzyme Inhibitors

A

Inhibit assembly

☐Indinavir (HIV)
Inhibit attachment

☐Zanamivir
(Influenza)
Inhibit uncoating

☐Amantadine (Influenza)

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12
Q

PABA means

A

P-aminobenzoic acid

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13
Q

3 characteristics of Aminoglycoside

A

Neomycin
Streptomycin
Gentamicin

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14
Q

2 types of atypical bacteria

A

Gram negative
Gram positive

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15
Q

Used for mycobacteria

A

Pifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide

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16
Q

Used for mycobacteria

A

Pifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide

17
Q

Used in Chlamydias and rickettsias

A

Doxycycline

PHMP (5 decks)

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