Antimicrobial chemotherapy

Question 1

antibiotic

Answer 1

a chemical with a selective toxicity

they are severely harmful to microorganisms, but cause less damage to human cells and metabolism

Question 2

bacterial cell structures and processes targeted by antibiotics

Answer 2

cell wall
biosynthetic pathways  - folate biosynthesis
outer membrane of gram negatives
nucleic acid - DNA, RNA
protein synthesis

Question 3

ABx that target cell walls

Answer 3

penicillins 
cephalosporins
carbapenems
aztreonam
glycopeptides

Question 4

ABx tha target protein synthesis

Answer 4

aminoglycosides
macrolides
clindamycin
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol
fusidic acid

Question 5

ABx that target nucleic acid

Answer 5

DNA: fluoroquinolones, metronidazole
RNA: rifampicin

Question 6

ABx that target folate biosynthesis

Answer 6

trimethoprim

sulphanomides

Question 7

ABx that target the outer membrane of gram negatives

Answer 7

polymixins, colistin

Question 8

beta lactam allergy

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monbactems

Answer 8

non-urticarial rash with penicillin, without angio-oedema or anaphylaxis–> cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactems could still be used with appropriate caution
if there is urticarial rash/anaphylaxis/angio-oedema, then all beta lactams are contraindicated

Question 9

mechanisms by which ABx are resistant include

Answer 9

enzymatic activation
altered target site
decreased permeability
efflux pumps
utilising alternative metabolic pathways