Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards
Bactericidal
kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic
will inhibit growth of bacteria
MIC
minimum inhibitory concentration
MBC
minimum bactericidal concentration
Topical administration
applied to a surface e.g. skin or mucous membranes
Systemic administration
taken internally either orally or parenterally
Parenteral administration
IV or intramuscularly
What 3 sites do antibiotics act on?
cell wall synthesis
protein synthesis
nucleic acid synthesis
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
……
Name 2 drugs that will inhibit cell wall synthesis.
penicillins
cephalosporins
(beta lactams)
How do beta lactams inhibit cell wall synthesis?
inhibit enzymes that cause the cross linking of the peptidoglycan chains
What penicillin is effective against enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas species and some anaerobes?
piperacillin
Name 2 carbapenem family (related to penicillins) drugs that have the widest spectrum of all and are effective against nearly all bacteria, including anaerobes?
meropenem and imipenem
How is the activity of cephalosporins against gram negative organisms affected as the generation number increases?
the activity increases
How does cephalosporin activity against gram positive organisms change as generation number increases?
the activity decreases
What is the name of another class of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis?
glycopeptides
How do glycopeptides inhibit cell wall synthesis?
They inhibit the formation of a peptidoglycan precursor.
Give examples of glycopeptide antibiotics.
vancomycin and teicoplanin
How are glycopeptides administered?
parenterally
Give a limitation of glycopeptide antibiotics.
can only act on gram positive infection as cannot penetrate gram negative cell wall
What is a common problem with vancomycin?
toxicity
What drug would be used to treat a serious MRSA infection?
intravenous vancomycin
What is ampicillin?
a broad spectrum penicillin
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
….