Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 4 Flashcards
What is the function of Penicillin Binding Proteins (PGP) 2?
Transglycoslase and transpeptidase activities
- initiates peptidoglycan insertion at new growth site
Give examples of antibiotics which target PGP 2
Mecillinam
Imipenem
What is the function of Penicillin Binding Proteins (PGP) 3?
Transglycolase and transpeptidase activities
- formation of the cross-wall at cell division
What is the function of Penicillin Binding Proteins (PGP) 4?
DD-carboxypeptidase
- control of peptidoglycan cross-linking
DD-endopeptidase
- hydrolysis of cross-links during elongation
Give examples of antibiotics which target PGP 4
Benzylpenicillin
Ampicillin
Imipenem
Give an antibiotic which targets PGP 7
Penems
Give examples of antibiotics contra-indicated in penicillin allergy
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Co-amoxiclav
- Augmentin
Flucloxacillin
Benzylpenicillin
Penicillin V
- phenoxymethylpenicillin
Piperacillin with tazobactam
- Taxocin
Pivmecillinam
Ticarcillin
Ticarcillin with clavulanic acid
Give examples of antibiotics contraindicated in severe penicillin allergy, or cautioned in non-severe penicillin allergy
Cefalexin
Cefaclor
Cefixime
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime
Imipenem plus cilastatin
Meropenem
Aztreonam
Ertapenem
Which antibiotics should be used in high-risk patients when treating Clostridium difficile?
2nd generation cephalosporins
- cefuroxime
- cefaclor
3rd generation cephalosporins
- cefotaxime
- ceftazidime
- ceftriaxone
Which antibiotics should be used in medium-risk patients when treating Clostridium difficile?
Co-amoxiclav
Amoxicillin
1st generation cephalosporins
- cefalexin
Carbapenems
- meropenem
- imipenem
- ertapenem
Give two examples of glycopeptide antibiotics
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
What is the indication for vancomycin?
Prophylaxis and treatment of endocarditis and other serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria
- Multi Drug Resistance
Treatment of peritonitis
What is the indication for teicoplanin?
Bactericidal against gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes
- Multi Drug Resistance staphylococci
What is the mechanism for teicoplanin?
Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting transglycosylase which produces linear strands of peptidoglycan
Prevent the transfer and addition of muramyl-pentapeptide building blocks
What is the target for glycopeptides?
Recognise the D-Ala-D-Ala bond
What is the mechanism of bacitracin and bacitracin zinc?
Blocks the function of the lipid carrier molecule that transfers cell wall subunit across the cell membrane
What is the mechanism of D-cycloserine?
Compete with D-alanine for incorporation in the cell wall
