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Med Chem 7 > Antilipidemics (1) > Flashcards

Antilipidemics (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is necessary for building and maintaining cellular membrane?

A

cholesterol

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2
Q

What provides much of the energy needed for tissues to function?

A

triglycerides

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3
Q

When blood levels of cholesterol or triglycerides become too high, the risk of developing _____ is significantly increased

A

CVD

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4
Q

major lipids in blood

A

cholesterol

cholesterol esters

triglycerides

phospholipids

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5
Q

what transports lipids in blood?

A

lipoproteins

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6
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia is directly linked to ______

A

hyperlipidemia - excess lipid transport molecules

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7
Q

Type I hyperlipidemia

A

familial

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8
Q

Type II hyperlipidemia

A

acquired

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9
Q

____ is starting material for manufacture of bile acids

A

cholesterol

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10
Q

_____ is major precursor for synthesis of vitamin D and various steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

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11
Q

cholesterol is required in order to build what?

A

build and maintain cell membranes

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12
Q

Where do triglycerides accumulate?

A

cytosol of adipose tissue

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13
Q

triglycerides do what?

A

store energy

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14
Q

Phospholipids do what?

A

make cell membranes act as second messengers

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15
Q

Phospholipids are stored as what?

A

fatty acids for use in making prostaglandins

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16
Q

phosphatase does what?

A

Phosphate off group

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17
Q

Lipase does what?

A

take off ester

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18
Q

acyl transferase does what?

A

add acyl

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19
Q

Name the enzyme

A

acyl transferase

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20
Q

Label A and B

A

A. phosphatidic acid phosphatase

B. acyl transferase

21
Q

_____ hydrolyze to liberate free fatty acids which are then subjected to what?

A

Lipase

22
Q

What makes cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in blood soluble?

A

lipoproteins

23
Q

What acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism?

A

apoliproteins

24
Q

Apoliproteins role

A

provide structural support and stability

bind to cellular receptors

25
Q

What are 2 ways lipoproteins are named?

A
  1. based on preparative ultracentrifuge properties
  2. by electrophoretic motility
26
Q

VLDL based on electrophoretic motility

A

pre-ß

27
Q

LDL based on electrophoretic motiliy

A

ß

28
Q

HDL based on electrophoretic motility

A

α

29
Q

Chylomicrons transport ______ to _____ for hydrolysis by _____

A
  1. dietary TG
  2. adipose tissue & muscle
  3. lipoprotein lipase
30
Q

Chylomicron remnants transport ______ to ______ for receptor mediated endocytosis

A
  1. cholesterol
  2. liver
31
Q

Where is VLDL forrmed?

A

Liver

32
Q

Where is IDL formed?

A

Fromed VLDL

33
Q

Where is LDL formed?

A

by metabolism of IDL

34
Q

Where is HDL formed

A

Liver and intestine

35
Q

What are the 3 pathways for cholesterol transport?

A

exogenous

endogenous

reverse cholesterol transport

36
Q

What turns cholesterol into cholesteryl esters in exogenou pathway?

A

ACAT (cholesterol acetyltransferase

37
Q

Endogenous cholesterol pathway

A

VLDL (in liver) → IDL formed → metabolized to LDL OR back to liver

38
Q

LDL accounts for ____ of total plasma cholesterol

A

2/3

39
Q

What lipoprotein acts as a scavenger to remove cholesterol?

A

HDL

40
Q

What is the ultimate return of cholesterol from HDL2 to liver?

A

reverse cholesterol transport

41
Q

What turns cholesterol into esterfied cholesterol in reverse cholesterol transport?

A

LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase)

42
Q

Describe a negative route of cholesterol metabolism

A

LDL → oxidized LDL → uptake by scavenger macrophages → LDL metabolism

  1. form foam cells → resterfy cholesterol → accumulation in arterial intima → initial states of atherosclerotic plaque formation
43
Q

Describe 3 positive routes of cholesterol metabolism

A
  1. LDL → extrahepatic tissue → steroid hormones, cell membranes
  2. LDL → liver → bile acids, cell membranes
  3. LDL metabolized → release of free cholesterol → scavenged by HDL3 → return to liver via HDL3
44
Q

Which disease is associated with atherosclerosis?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

** even in absence of hypercholesterolemia

45
Q

What are 3 studies that were involved with the Lipid Hypothesis?

A
  1. Antischkow & Chaltow
  2. Framingham
  3. Seven country
46
Q

What was the basis of the lipid hypothesis?

A

Lowering elevated cholesterol with diet and drugs lower risk of CHD

**no support of decreased cholesterol effective in lowering CHD or prolonging life

47
Q

What studies involved statins?

A

Scandinavian simvastatin suvival study

heart protection study

48
Q

Which study was the first to demonstrate benefit to women?

A

Heart Protection Study (simvastatin)

**not observed in first year

Med Chem 7 (9 decks)

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