Antiinflammatory Drugs

Question 1

What are the 5 “Cardinal Pillars” of inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Heat
2. Redness
3. Swelling
4. Pain
5. Loss of function

Question 2

vasodilation (not actually increasing the temperature, just feels warmer) brings blood supply to the injured tissues for repair

Answer 2

heat

Question 3

vasodilation - blood vessels are closer to the skin giving it a reddish appearance

Answer 3

redness

Question 4

prevents movement of joints, reducing further injury

Answer 4

swelling

Question 5

prevents using the affected part

Answer 5

pain

Question 6

prevents using injured part

Answer 6

loss of function

Question 7

What are the two broad categories of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer 7

1. Steroidal

2. Non-steroidal

Question 8

When should opioid analgesics be used instead of NSAIDs?

Answer 8

when strong pain relief is needed

Question 9

What three parts of the inflammatory process prevent movement of the injured part of the body?

Answer 9

swelling, pain, and loss of function

Question 10

Collective name for the substances that produce the clinical signs of inflammation; produced by a series of enzymatic steps when tissue is traumatized

Answer 10

eicosanoids

Question 11

Name the 3 eicosanoids

Answer 11

prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes

Question 12

type of anti-inflammatory group to which glucocorticoids or corticosteroid drugs belong

Answer 12

steroidal anti-inflammatories

Question 13

means to reduce pain or provide pain relief

Answer 13

anti-inflammatory drugs or opioid analgesics

Question 14

molecules that make up the cell membrane

Answer 14

phospholipids

Question 15

enzyme that breaks down the molecules in the cell membrane when there is cellular trauma

Answer 15

Phospholipase A2

Question 16

phospholipase converts phospholipids into this compound

Answer 16

arachidonic acid

Question 17

enzyme converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Answer 17

cyclooxygenase (COX)

Question 18

What does lipoxygenase convert arachidonic acid into?

Answer 18

leukotrienes (LT)

Question 19

What does cyclooxygenase convert arachidonic acid into?

Answer 19

prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TBx)

Question 20

What enzyme creates leukotrienes?

Answer 20

lipoxygenase (LOX)

Question 21

pain receptors

Answer 21

nociceptors

Question 22

What is the target site for corticosteroid drugs in the arachidonic acid pathway?

Answer 22

phospholipase A2

Question 23

What is (are) the target site(s) for NSAIDs in the arachidonic acid pathway?

Answer 23

cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)

Question 24

T/F Inflammation results in vasoconstriction of the traumatized tissues

Answer 24

False

Question 25

T/F The heat detected in an inflamed area is due to the body temperature increasing in that traumatized tissue

Answer 25

False

Question 26

T/F Increased production of eicosanoids blocks the inflammatory process

Answer 26

False

Question 27

T/F Opioid drugs are stronger analgesics than both NSAIDs and corticosteroids

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F Decreasing the activity of nociceptors would produce analgesia

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F NSAIDs work by enhancing the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What is the goal of anti-inflammatories?

Answer 30

decrease pain associated with inflammation

Question 31

How do anti-inflammatory drugs reduce inflammation?

Answer 31

by blocking the formation of eicosanoids

Question 32

Decreased inflammation =

Answer 32

fewer pain signals, reduced perception of pain even though tissue is still traumatized