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PANCE PREP > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

MOA thiazides

A

Prevent kidney sodium and water reabsorption at the distal tubule

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2
Q

Thiazide side effects

A 
Hypo natremia, kalemia
HYPERCALCEMIA 
HYPERURICEMIA
HYPERGLYCEMIA 
*use caution with gout and DM pts
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3
Q

Thiazide indications

A

Uncomplicated hypertension

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4
Q

MOA Loop diuretics

A

Inhibits water transport across the loop of Henle which leads to increased excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium.

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5
Q

Side effects loop diuretics

A 
Volume depletion 
Hypokalemia/natremia/calcemia 
HYPERGLYCEMIA 
OTOTOXICITY
Contraindicated in those with sulfa allergy
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6
Q

Loop diuretics indications

A

HTN, CHF, Hypercalcemia

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7
Q

Examples of loop diuretics

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide

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8
Q

MOA ACEi

A

Decrease synthesis of AGII/aldosterone
Leads to decreased preload and afterload
Cardio and Reno protective

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9
Q

ACEi indications

A

HTN, especially if history of DM, nephropathy, post MI

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10
Q

ACEi side effects

A 
1st dose hypotension 
Cough
Angioedema 
*due to increase in bradykinin 
HYPERURICEMIA
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11
Q

True or false: ACEi and diuretics have a synergistic effect

A

True

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12
Q

What are the two classes of CCB and what is the difference?

A

Dihydropyridines (amplodipine, nifedipine): vasodilation only

Non-dihydropryidines (verapemil, diltiazam): vasodilation and increase cardiac contractility/conduction

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13
Q

Indication for dihydropryadine

A

HTN

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14
Q

Indication for non-dihydropyridine

A

HTN with A-fib

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15
Q

CCB indications

A

HTN, Raynauds, angina

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16
Q

Contraindication for CCB

A

CHF, 2nd/3rd degree heart block

17
Q

CCB side effects

A 
Headache
Dizziness
Lightheaded
Flushing 
Edema
18
Q

Beta blocker MOA

A

Blocks adrenergic renin release

19
Q

BB indications

A

HTN, especially if history of tachycardia and MI
ANGINA
acute MI
ESSENTIAL TREMOR

20
Q

BB side effects

A

Fatigue
Depression
Impotence
Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

21
Q

CI of BB

A 
2nd or 3rd degree heart block
Asthma/COPD (nonselective agents)
Hypotension 
Pulse <50
Raynauds
22
Q

Classes of BB and examples

A
  1. Cardioselective (B1): atenolol, metoprolol
    , esmolol
  2. Nonselective (B1, B2): propranolol
  3. Both alpha 1 and B1, B2: labetalol, carvedilol
23
Q

Choice treatment for uncomplicated HTN in non-AA?

A

Thiazide diuretics

24
Q

Choice treatment for a-fib

A

BB or non-dihydropyridines (verapamil)

25
Q

Choice treatment for angina

A

Beta blockers, CCB

26
Q

Post MI Treatment

A

Beta blockers, ACEi

27
Q

Choice treatment for systolic heart failure

A

ACEi, ARB, BB, diuretics

28
Q

Choice treatment for DM, chronic kidney disease in presence of HTN

A

ACEi

29
Q

Isolated systolic HTN in the elderly treatment

A

Diuretics

30
Q

Choice treatment for BPH

A

Alpha 1 blocker

31
Q

Choice treatment for AA HTN

A

Thiazide + CCB

32
Q

Choice treatment for Young Caucasian male

A

Thiazide, then ACEi

33
Q

Choice treatment for HTN and gout

A

CCB

May also use Losartan

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