Antihypertensives Flashcards
Diuretics
Increases urine output
Lowers BP
(1st Line of defense)
Types of Diuretics
Thiazide
Loop (Lasix)
Side effects of Diuretics
N/V/D
Dehydration or fluid overload
Renal failure
Nursing implications for Diuretics
- Monitor electrolytes
- Dont give at night
- I&Os and daily weight
Adrenergic Drugs
Lowers fight or flight (SNS) response
Lowers BP
Types of Adrenergic Drugs
- Alpha 2 Agonists
- Alpha 1 Blockers
- Beta Blockers
- Combo A1 & Beta Blockers
Alpha 2 Agonists
Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Clonidine, Methyldopa
Stimulates A2 receptors to lower SNS & Vasodilate
SNS
Fight or flight response
Alpha 1 Blockers ‘sin’
Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Doxazosin, prazosin
Blocks A1 receptors
Increases urine
Beta Blockers ‘lol’
Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Propranolol, metropolol
Lowers HR by blocking B1 receptors
Combo A1 & Beta Blockers
Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Labetalol, Carvedol
Lowers HR, Vasodilation
Side effects of Adrenergic Drugs
-Bradycardia
-Sexual dysfunction
-Dry mouth
-Edema
More adverse effects than other anti-HTN
Nursing implications of Adrenergic drugs
- May interact with psych drugs
- Some used to treat BPH
- Dont give beta blockers to patients with COPD or asthma
Ace Inhibitors ‘pril’
Blocks ACE (angiotension converting enzyme)
Blocks Na+ & H20 reabsorption
Blocks aldosterone
Increased urine, Lowers BP
Examples of ace inhibitors
Captopril, enalapril
Side effects of ace inhibitors
Dry cough
Headache
Nursing implications of Ace inhibitors
- Give 1 hr before meal
- Most are prodrugs (need to be converted by the liver)
- Assess creatinine labs for renal failure
ARBs
Blocks angiotension 2
Blocks Na+ & H20 reabsorption
Increased urine, Lowers BP
Side effects of ARBs
Chest pain
Dry mouth
Fatigue
Nursing implications of ARBs
Similar to ACE inhibitors
NOT kidney protective
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB’s)
Blocks calcium receptors Lowers smooth muscle tone Lowers BP Treats angina and HTN Dilates arteries=bloodflow to heart
Side effects of CCBs
Headaches
Fatigue
Dsyrhythmias
Nursing Implications of CCBs
Treat agina & HTN
Raynauds disease
Cerebral artery spasms
What do hypertensives treat?
High blood pressure
What does Vasoconstriction cause?
High BP
What does Vasodilation cause?
Low BP
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 min
Which population is at highest risk for hypertension?
African american males
Stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
Stage 2 hypertension
> 140/90
Glomerular filtration rate
Volume of blood that passes through kidney/glomerulus in 1 minute
Tells alot about kidney function, fluid balance, and indication of cardiac output
Diuretics promotes..
Sodium and water excretion from the body
Patient teaching regarding diuretics
Do not take hot showers
Take in morning
Take potassium supplement
Foods high in potassium
Important to assess pulse before giving this med
Beta blockers
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary; Body does this on its own
Smooth muscle relaxes
Lowered BP
Smooth muscle contraction
Raised BP
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Stimulates the heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle
Used as last resort, unwanted side effects
Adrenergic drugs
clonidine and methyldopa
Ace inhibitors cause..
Aldosterone to not be secreted
Someone with liver dysfunction CANNOT have..
Prodrug
because they are converted by liver
Patients with liver dysfunction should be on…
ACE inhibitors
Which class of antihypertensives does not cause a dry cough
ARBs
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Angina
Chest pain
