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CARDS 1 > antihypertensives > Flashcards

antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

has C/I of
* Anuric pts (avoid in renal dysfxn– SCr >1.5 or CrCL < 30 ml/min bc they lose effectivenes)
* Sulfa allergy
* Gout

A

thiazide diuretics

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2
Q

has SE of
* Low Na,K, Mg. High Ca
* Hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia
* Hypotension, impotence, azotemia

A

thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

which class has the Ceiling effect– increasing dose does not increase BP lowering effect

A

thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

which class should you use cautiously w/ NSAIDs, digoxin, lithium, antidiabetic meds

A

thiazide diuretics

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5
Q

which class should you monitor BUN/SCr and K levels after initiation and w/ dosage titrations

A

thiazide diuretics

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6
Q

which class of vasodilators has C/I of 2nd/3rd heart block, decompensated heart failure, asthma/COPD

A

beta blockers

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7
Q

which class causes hypo-kalemia vs hyper-kalemia

A
  • thiazide diuretics= low K
  • ARBs & ACEs= high K
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8
Q

which types of meds cause LE edema vs reflex tachy

A
  • RAAS inhibitors– edema
  • vasodilators (DHP-CCB, alpha blockser, centrals)– reflex tachy
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9
Q

MOA of thiazide diuretics

A

less blood volume by stopping Na/water reabsorption at DCT
lower Ca excretion

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10
Q

4 ways beta blockers work

A
  • decrease CO
  • inhibit NE to cause vasodilation
  • Block renin release
  • block alpha-1 receptors
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11
Q

4 ways beta blockers work

A
  • decrease CO
  • inhibit NE to cause vasodilation
  • Block renin release
  • block alpha-1 receptors
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12
Q

which class may mask tachy sx of hypoglycemia in DM by causing bradycardia

A

beta blockers

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13
Q

which 2 meds must be tapered inorder to prevent HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS?

A
  • clonidine over 2-4 days
  • beta blockers over 1-2 wks
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14
Q

inhibits AG II creation, aldosterone & has diuretic effect
increases bradykinin & decrease endothelin

A

ACEinhibitors

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15
Q

hx of what 4 conditions calls for use of ACEs

A
  • DM
  • old MI
  • CHF
  • nephropathy
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16
Q

which class should be avoided in bilateral renal stenosis because the increased creatinine doesnt return to normal after starting the med?

A

ACE

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17
Q

3 C/I of ACEs

A
  • pregnancy
  • bilateral renal stenosis
  • h/o angioedema
18
Q

SE of
* hypotension
* azotemia/renal insufficiency
* high K
* hyperuricemia

(not comprehensive list)

A

ACEs

19
Q

ACEs have 2 important drug reactions. name them

A

NSAIDs and lithium

20
Q

how do ARBS work

A

similar to ACEs but binds/blocks AG II receptors and does not increase bradykinin

21
Q

how do CCBs work? DHP vs non-DHP

A

block L type Ca channels in vascular smooth muscle to block constriction
Non-DHP has negative inotropic & chronotropic effects

22
Q

C/I of CHF, 2nd/3rd heard block

A

CCB

23
Q

SE of
* peripheral edema
* hypotension, HA, dizziness
* constipation
& interacts with statins

A

CCBs

24
Q

blocks renin release from JG cells of DCT

A

renin inhibitors

25
Q

alpha blockers MOA

A

alpha blockade causes peripheral arterial dilation

26
Q

which class isnt first line but could be a helpful add on in pts w/ HTN + benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

alpha blockers

27
Q

C/I of erectile dysfunction medication use

A

alpha blockers

28
Q

SE of
* 1st dose syncope and hypotension,
* peripheral edema
* reflex tachy
* congestion
* vivid dreams

A

alpha blockers

29
Q

which class is advised to be have the 1st dose taken at bedtime d/t the 1st dose syncope & hypotension

A

alpha blockers

30
Q

Centrally acting; reduce sympathetic tone by acting as alpha-2 adrenergic agonist; used short term only

A

clonidine

31
Q

you should combine ____ w/ a diuretic to minimize edema

A

clonidine

32
Q

which centrally acting drug is effective in resistant HTN & CKD and HTN emergencies

A

clonidine

33
Q

which medication has an oral & patch formulation

A

clonidine

34
Q

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle by increasing concentrations of nitric oxide

A

hydralazine

direct vasodilator

35
Q

opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle

A

minoxidil

direct vasodilator

36
Q

use direct vasodilators w/ BB to minimize ______

A

reflex tachycardia

37
Q

use direct vasodilators w/ loop diuretics to minimize ____

A

edema

38
Q

sole C/I of minoxidil & hydralazine

A

acute MI

39
Q

SE of
* DILE
* serum sickness like rxn
* hemolytic anemia
* glomerulonephritis syndrome

A

hydralazine

40
Q

SE of
* facial hirsutism
* pericardial effusion

A

minoxidil

CARDS 1 (7 decks)

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